Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2024 in |
Organic chemist has developed the number of heterocyclic compounds. The heterocyclic compounds have gained more attention in medicinal and organic chemistry because of their numerous biological activities. There are various types of the heterocyclic compound available for several biological activities such as antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, antiepileptic activity, antipsychotic activity, antihypertensive activity, antiproliferative activity. Pyrrole, furan, benzimidazole, thiophenol, thiophene, imidazole and indole compounds became more popular heterocyclic compound due to their biological activities, beta- lactam ring system has important role in the design of different antibiotics as well as in the biological activities. Furthermore the recent advancement that occurred in the scheme of heterocyclic compound caught more attention in many product developments. The present review article focused on the heterocyclic compound, classification, nomenclature, importance of heterocyclic compound, history of heterocyclic compound and recent development in the scheme along with their biological...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2024 in |
Introduction: The Emergency Medicine Department presents distinct challenges, both diagnostic uncertainty and time constraints. Promptly administering the right drugs in this setting can be crucial for saving lives. Hence, we conducted a study to analyse the prescriptions in the patients admitted to Emergency Medicine Department. Method: This is a prospective, observational single center study conducted at the Emergency Medicine department for one year. The study was started after approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB). All patients of any gender and any co-morbidities admitted to emergency medicine department were included in the study. Results: In this study, total 305 patients included, out of which majority 79 (25.9%) patients were in the age young group 31-40 years. Gender distribution depicts 262 (85.9%) and 43 (14.09%) were males and females respectively. Two wheeler accidents 119 (39.01%) were the most common. Total 186 (64.13%) patients having GCS score 11-15. Pantoprazole was the most commonly prescribed drug, prescribed in 200 (81.96%) prescriptions. Ondansetron was in used in 90 (28.19%) patients. Cefixime is used in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2024 in |
Introduction: Oxalis corniculata (Family: Oxalidaceae) is a delicate therapeutic herb found in warm temperate tropical areas of India and Pakistan, while Portulaca oleracea (Family: Portulacaceae) thrives in sultry, equatorial regions and has origins in South America and Africa. This study aims to develop and assess a topical poly-herbal gel containing leaf extracts of Oxalis corniculata and Portulaca oleracea. Materials and Methods: The plant material was collected, and shade dried before being powdered. The powder was soaked and macerated in methanol, followed by extraction using Soxhlet method. Phytochemical tests were conducted qualitatively. Gel formulations were prepared and the appearance, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity of the formulations were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Antioxidant potential was analyzed through the DPPH scavenging assay. Additionally, in-vitro toxicity of formulations was assessed using the MTT assay to determine their compatibility with normal cells. Results: Both plants showed presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids. The gel formulations exhibited good appearance which were tested for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, which...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2024 in |
The stressed degradation study of Ciclesonide was conducted using various conditions, including acid, base, photolytic, thermal, and oxidative degradation. LC-MS was employed to characterize the degradants formed during these stress conditions. To assess the stability of Ciclesonide under stress, the study followed the guidelines outlined in ICH Q1A (R2). During the analysis, a C18 column (250mm x 4.6ID, 5 Micron) was utilized with a mobile phase of methanol: water (95:05) pH 3, adjusted with Ortho phosphoric acid, flowing at a rate of 0.9 ml/min. The analysis was performed using a PDA detector at an ambient temperature, with a retention time of 7.5 minutes for the drug. UV detection at 225nm was used for quantification. The results revealed the formation of a significant amount of a new compound under the stress conditions of acid, base, photolytic, and thermal degradation. LC-MS data confirmed the presence of stressed impurities of ciclesonide. This method was successfully applied in quality control laboratories for the determination of Ciclesonide, along with its decomposition...
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Posted by admin on Feb 29, 2024 in |
Background: Medication errors significantly impact patient morbidity and mortality. Due to their specialized expertise, pharmacists are essential in detecting and averting these errors. Methods: This study evaluated pharmacists’ roles in reporting and preventing medication errors at King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Using a cross-sectional method, we analyzed medication error reports to understand the rate, causes, and types of errors during the study period. A questionnaire further probed pharmacists’ interventions in reducing these errors. Results: Of the 45 pharmacists surveyed (average age: 34.91 ± 3.9 years), 1,738 medication errors were reported between September 2021 and July 2022, peaking in October 2021. Key causes were prescribing errors (26%), dispensing errors (16%), and dosing errors (10%), with the remaining 48% attributed to various other factors. Common interventions included liaising with physicians for emergency order verification, preventing unintended dispensation, and correcting dosing mistakes. Conclusion: Predominant medication errors arose from prescribing, dispensing, dosing, omission, improper dosage, and incorrect frequency. Miscommunication in drug orders, characterized by illegibility or ambiguity, was a major error...
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