Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Drugs taken by humans and animals find their way into rivers, lakes, and even drinking water and can have devastating effects on the environment. This review summarizes the research regarding pharmaceutical industry emissions and the health risks of pharmaceutical wastewater exposure.The present review is prepared by the extensive literature survey using different search engines like google.com, PubMed, SCOPUS, Medline, Ind Med, and the library of Galgotias University, Greater Noida. This review observed the consumption of medicinal products as one of the main sources of environmental contamination due to excretion (urine, feces) and improper disposal of unused or expired medicines (toilet, sink, litter). Some medicinal products, in particular anti-parasiticides, antimycotics, antibiotics, and estrogens, which can all have ecotoxicological effects, pose environmental risks in specific cases. The supervision of pharmaceutical waste poses a great challenge to policy planners, city administrators, medical personnel, and workers in the recycling industry. It is interdisciplinary, involving pharmacy, nursing, environment services, infection control, quality assurance, risk management, etc. According to the most recent data on water quality in...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Propranolol hydrochloride, a non-selective beta-blocker, has emerged as a first-line treatment for infantile hemangioma due to its vasoconstrictive, anti-antigenic, and pro-apoptotic effects on endothelial cells. This research focuses on the development of topical gel, for the localized treatment of infantile hemangioma, aiming to reduce systemic side effects while enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The formulations were prepared using suitable gelling agents and emulsifying components. Several physicochemical tests were conducted, including spreading ability, viscosity, moisture content, and moisture uptake, to evaluate the formulations’ properties. The emulgel demonstrated superior results in terms of spread ability and a balanced viscosity that facilitated both ease of application and prolonged contact with the skin. Moisture content and moisture uptake studies suggested that the emulgel maintained skin hydration better than the aqueous gel. In conclusion, the emulgel exhibited enhanced physicochemical characteristics, making it a more promising option for the topical treatment of infantile hemangioma compared to the aqueous gel. Further clinical evaluations may solidify its potential as an effective and safe therapeutic...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
A series of novel (2,4-bis(arylamino) thiazol-5-yl) (thiophen-2-yl) methanone derivatives were synthesized and analyzed using various analytical and spectral techniques, including elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry to ensure comprehensive structural validation and accurate determination of their chemical composition and framework. Structural optimization and theoretical vibrational spectral interpretations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The study examined critical molecular properties, such as charge transfer phenomena, chemical stability, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) mapping, and Non-linear Optical (NLO) properties. Biological testing indicated that all synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Among these, (4-((4-chlorophenyl) amino)-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl) amino) thiazol-5-yl) (thiophen-2-yl) methanone emerged as the most potent antibacterial agent. Molecular docking studies were conducted with the 3IP4 and 1KEB receptor proteins, shedding light on the potential binding interactions and underlying mechanisms. This comprehensive study showcases the synthesis, theoretical evaluation, and biological potential of these thiazole-based derivatives, highlighting their promise as candidates for developing effective antibacterial...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Background: Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation or infection of vulva and vagina. Candida is a commensal micro-organism which mainly colonizes the mucosal surfaces of human body such as gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and genitourinary tract. This study aimed to find prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and determine antifungal susceptibility pattern of clinical Candida isolates among samples at U.P.U.M.S, Saifai. Materials and Methods: A total of112 vaginal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida species were isolated and identified using standard laboratory techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Broth microdilution method. Results: Out of 58 candida isolates the most common clinical strains isolated were Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candidakrusei, Candida dubliniensis and Candida parapsilosis. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (23.2%). Mean value of MIC for itraconazole against candida species ranges from 0.063-1.00µg/ml, for terbinafine against Candida species was found to be 0.031-4.00µg/ml, for voriconazole against candida species was found to be 0.012-27.897µg/ml and for fluconazole it was 0.003-42.50µg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrates...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Losartan is used for hypertension, including in people with left ventricular hypertrophy (enlarged heart muscle), and kidney dysfunction among type II diabetics. It may also delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. It is a suitable pharmacological agent for the reduction of renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and microalbuminuria (>30 mg/24 hours). A Related Substance High Performance Liquid Chromatography method has been developed and validated for Losartan Potassium. Chromatographic separation of the pharmaceutical was performed on an Inert Sil ODS 3V column (5µm 4.6 mm×250 mm) with a 250:50:2 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and Triethylamineas mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1, and detection at 237 nm. Separation was complete in less than 20 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation, and robustness. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be acceptable over the ranges 50–150.00 g mL–1 for Losartan...
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