Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
The polysaccharide-derived polymers can play an integral and versatile role in the novel drug delivery system for a variety of therapeutic agents in the biological system. In this research, natural polysaccharide isolated to evolve natural polymer-based innovative drug delivery carriers to provide maximum therapeutic effect and minimize clinical complications, which could also be a step towards biological environment-friendly drug delivery systems since the envisaged natural polymer could be a good substitute compared to the synthetic polymers currently used for novel drug delivery systems with modified drug delivery properties. Tinospora cordifolia is a tropical herb of the Menispermaceae family, also known as ‘Guduchi’, well-known for its therapeutic benefits in the Indian traditional system. This plant’s fruits cluster in groups of one to three, and the mucilage contains complex polysaccharides. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies on fibroblast cells revealed about 80% cell viability, confirming its biocompatibility as a natural excipient with potential applications in green and advanced pharmaceutical drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and leading cause of dementia, imposing a rapidly growing clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This narrative review summarizes current understanding of AD pathophysiology, advances in diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Hallmark mechanisms include amyloid-β plaque deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, metal dyshomeostasis and defective autophagy, all converging on synaptic failure and neuronal loss. The 2018 NIA–AA ATN (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) framework has shifted diagnosis toward a biomarker-based, biological definition of AD, incorporating CSF, PET, MRI and novel blood, saliva and tear biomarkers, as well as microRNA signatures for earlier detection across the preclinical–MCI–dementia continuum. Symptomatic therapies with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA antagonist memantine remain standard of care, while monoclonal antibodies such as aducanumab and lecanemab represent first-generation disease-modifying agents but raise concerns regarding amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and cost. Ongoing trials of biologics and small molecules targeting amyloid, tau, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroprotection highlight a transition toward precision, multi-targeted strategies. Continued research into accessible biomarkers, safer...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
The consumption of plant-based milk alternatives has increased substantially in recent years, driven by health concerns, environmental awareness and evolving lifestyle preferences. Many consumers choose these products to manage cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) or lactose intolerance (LI), while others adopt them as part of plant-forward or vegan dietary patterns. Plant-based milks produced from legumes, oilseeds, cereals and pseudocereals, are typically water-soluble and formulated to resemble the sensory characteristics of cow’s milk, making them appealing replacements in a wide range of applications. However, the environmental advantages of these alternatives remain complex and context-dependent. Although plant-based beverages generally require fewer natural resources, their carbon footprint, water consumption and eutrophication potential vary according to crop type, agricultural practices and regional conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the primary motivations for plant-based milk consumption, highlighting key health issues associated with cow’s milk, including intolerance, allergy and emerging concerns over saturated fat content. It further compares the environmental impacts of producing plant-based milk substitutes and conventional dairy milk, drawing attention to sustainability...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Background: Warfarin dosing varies greatly between individuals and across populations, and much of this variation is driven by polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene. Understanding how these variants influence gene expression and function is crucial for improving dose accuracy and preventing complications. Objective: To characterise key VKORC1 variants using an in-silico approach and to assess how their predicted functional effects and population frequencies contribute to global differences in warfarin sensitivity. Methods: Genomic data from gnomAD and the 1000 Genomes Project were analysed to examine major VKORC1 variants across South Asian, European, and East Asian populations. Functional and regulatory impacts were predicted using SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, ConSurf, JASPAR, and RegulomeDB. Genotype frequencies were estimated using the Hardy–Weinberg model and interpreted in relation to expected warfarin dosing categories, including sensitive, intermediate, and normal-dose groups. Results: The promoter variant rs9923231 and intronic variant rs9934438, both linked to reduced VKORC1 expression and lower warfarin dose requirements, were most frequent in East Asians (around 80–90%). The 3′UTR variant rs7294, associated with higher gene activity and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
The current study investigates the antimicrobial activity of different extracts and fractions of P. pinnata using a chemical profiling approach to identify bioactive compounds responsible for its antimicrobial potential. Various fractions (hexane, chloroform, butanol and methanolic) were prepared from the seeds of the plant and tested against two different bacterial strains Salmonella abony (gram positive) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram-negative). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using standard disc diffusion method to determine zone of inhibition. In parallel, chemical profiling of the active extract and fractions was conducted through chromatographic technique (HPLC) and spectroscopic analysis GC-MS/MS to identify bioactive constituents. The results revealed significant antimicrobial activity, with methanolic extract and hexane fraction from seeds exhibiting the strongest inhibition against S. abony, on the other hand it was found less potent against K. pneumonia. Several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics were identified, suggesting their role in the antimicrobial activity. The in-silico ADMET and acute rat toxicity prediction suggested that the major bioactive compounds Pongamol and Lanceolatin B as the most...
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