Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Counterfeit drug is a pharmaceutical product which is produced and sold with the intent to deceptively represent its origin, authenticity or effectiveness. It may contain inappropriate quantities of active ingredients, may be improperly processed within the body or may contain ingredients that are not on the label, and is often sold with inaccurate, incorrect, or fake packaging and labeling. It is estimated that more than 10% of drugs worldwide are counterfeit, and in some countries more than 50% of the drug supply is counterfeit. In 2003, the WHO estimates that the annual earnings of counterfeit drugs were over US$32 billion. These are inadequate measures to determine the correct prevalence of the problem. There are several technologies that may prove helpful in combating the counterfeit drug problem include radio frequency identification which uses electronic devices to track and identify pharmaceutical items and electronic pedigree (e-Pedigree) system to track drugs throughout its distribution...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss or baldness. It is a health condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Hair loss can be caused due to different reasons, such as genetic tendencies, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals, medicines, nutritional deficiency, extreme stress or long illness etc. On the basis of hair loss pattern and causes, alopecia is classified into several categories. The two major forms i.e. Alopecia areata and Androgenetic alopecia are of main concern. At present a number of synthetic remedies like Corticosteroids, dithranol, tretinoin, minoxidil, zinc, systematic Cortisone, irritants, immuno-suppressive drugs, finasteride, azelaic acid are available for the treatment of Alopecia (both Androgenetic and Areata), but not a single or multiple drug therapy is giving satisfactory and permanent results to the Alopecia patients. Besides, a number of side effects are associated with the use of these synthetic compounds, including erythema, scaling, pruritis, dermatitis, itching, etc. So to cope with the problem of Hair loss, here we...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Aspirin became a cornerstone in the treatment of coronary artery disease and widely used in the secondary prevention of vascular events. Aspirin resistance remains a poorly defined term though clinical definition is failure of the drug to prevent an atherothrombotic event despite the regular intake of appropriate doses is a relatively common problem. Various laboratory parameters assessing its efficacy, like bleeding time, platelet reactivity, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production and measurement of platelet aggregation have confirmed the lack of its uniform effect on the platelets. Various molecular mechanism responsible for Aspirin resistance include Insufficient suppression of COX-1, over- expression of COX-2 mRNA, Erythrocyte induced platelet activation, Genetic polymorphism of enzymes like COX-1, COX-2 or thromboxane A2 synthase. Clinical factor like non compliance of patient is also responsible for Aspirin resistance. The limitations in understanding Aspirin resistance include difficulties in assessing platelet function and aspirin resistance and contributed to variable reporting of Aspirin resistance. Therefore, the definition of Aspirin resistance requires refinement to include genetic polymorphism of various enzymes responsible for...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Pulmonary route have been used to treat various respiratory diseases for centuries. Ancient inhalation therapies included the use of leaves from plants, vapors from aromatic plants, balsams, and myrrh. The pulmonary route has gained increasing importance in the recent times due to its unique properties such as a large absorptive area of up to 100m2; extremely thin 0.1 μm – 0.2 μm absorptive mucosal membrane and good blood supply. New dispersible formulations and drug aerosol delivery devices for inhalable peptides, proteins and various small molecules have, in the past decade, become of increasing interest for the treatment of systemic and respiratory diseases. This review enlightens the concept of pulmonary drug delivery and the recent advances in the field....
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
The present study outlines a systematic approach for Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate release Tablets of lamivudine and Zidovudine , Nevirapine- HAART triple therapy. The objective of this regimen is, To delay disease progression, To increase the duration of survival by achieving maximal and prolonged suppression of HIV replication, To restorate and preserve immunological function. Combination therapy is more effective and has less chances of developing resistance than monotherapy. To achieve this goal various prototype formulation trials were taken and evaluated with respect to the various quality control tests such as Thickness, hardness, weight variation, dissolution, disintegration, hardness and assay. The formula was finalized by comparing the Invitro dissolution profile with that of the Marketed Tablets. The in vitro release study was performed in 0.1N HCl upto 60 min. Among all the formulations, formulation F7 release profile was good as compared to the marketed products. Stability studies (40±2ºC/75±5%RH) for 2 months indicated that no characteristics changes in formulation. There was no chemical interaction between drug and...
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