Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors for determination of Tolterodine tartrate (TT) in presence of its oxidative degradation product are described. The sensors are based on the ion association complexes of TT cation with sodium tetraphenyl borate (TT-TPB) [sensor 1] or phosphomolybidic acid (TT-PMA) [sensor 2] counter anions as ion exchange sites in PVC matrix using dioctylphathalate (DOP) as plasticizer. The performance characteristics, sensitivity and selectivity of these electrodes in presence of TT oxidative degradation product were evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations. It reveals a fast, stable and linear response for TT over the concentration range 10-5-10-2 M with cationic slopes of 58.6 mV and 56.6 mV per concentration decade with sensors 1 and 2, respectively. The sensors are used for determination of TT, in pure form, in presence of its degradation product and in tablets. Validation of the method shows suitability of the proposed sensors for use in the quality control assessment of TT and for routine analysis as stability indicating method....
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
The present study showcases a screening program for the hunt of potent antibacterial compounds from cyanobacteria. A total of 108 cyanobacterial samples, from different habitats of the Jabalpur town of Central India, were collected which finally yielded 20 unialgal cultures belonging to ten genera. Ethanolic extracts from seventeen out of twenty cyanobacterial dried masses showed potent antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria, which included three Gram negative and two Gram positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.05 to 5µg dry weight equivalent for most of the cyanobacterial extracts. Extracts from Nostoc calcicola EBRS001 and Fischerella ambigua EBRS002 were the most potent against all tested...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
One of the major advances in vesicle research was the finding that some modified vesicles possessed properties that allowed them to successfully deliver drugs in deeper layers of skin. Transdermal delivery is important because it is a noninvasive procedure for drug delivery. Further, problem of drug degradation by digestive enzymes after oral administration and discomfort associated with parenteral drug administration can be avoided. An alternative approach to overcome the low oral bioavailability is to administer the drug by non oral routes such as buccal, nasal, vaginal, transdermal and parenteral. Among the above routes the transdermal delivery of ethosome is advantageous. Because it has good penetrability, ease of administration, rapid termination of the therapy and administrating to unconscious patients. Ethosome mainly contain phospholipids with higher concentration of ethanol. It can be used for systemic delivery of drug. It is beneficial to overcome the problem of frequent dosing due to shorter half-life of drugs. Prolonged release of the drug and increased bioavailability leads to significant reduction in the dose and hence...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Objectives: To study the anti-convulsant potential of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. in MES and PTZ induced convulsion in experimental animals. Materials and methods: The anticonvulsant potential of the ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava Linn. (EEPG) were tested in the mice model of Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). In the MES model, seizures were induced by delivering electroshock of 50 mA for 0.2 seconds via a pair of transauricular electrodes using an electro-convulsiometer. In the PTZ model, seizures were induced by injecting 80 mg/kg i.p Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). For MES model, parameters measured were – duration of hind limb tonic extension, total recovery time and percentage protection. For the PTZ model, parameters measured were –duration of onset of clonic convulsions, duration of clonic convulsions, percentage reduction of clonic phase, mortality percentage and seizure score. Results and Observation: The EEPG (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) produced dose dependent anticonvulsant effect on MES induced seizures in albino mice, as suggested by reduction in the HLTE and total recovery time, and increase...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Seasonal fluctuations are periodical series, and have impact on availability of active principles in medicinal plants hence, therapeutic efficacy also get influenced. The survey of several scientific studies published in scientific journals of international repute indicates this fact. The studies reported that essential oil component shows a rhythmic increase in oil production throughout the growing season and then a steady decline towards the winter hence, recommended late summer as the best collection time. In contrast other researchers concluded the winter as a best season for harvesting of essential oils containing plant parts. It is not only essential oil that influenced by the season but other important constituents like polyphenol, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids etc are also influenced significantly by seasons. There is no general rule for the harvesting time for better yield of specific secondary metabolites. Although several studies have been published indicating the effect of seasons on secondary metabolites but there is no compiled information representing the optimized season for the collection of pharmaceutically important constituents from different plant...
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