Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
The present study was developed a suitable protocol for callus induction and plant regeneration of Cleome gynandra L. from leaf explants. Callus was initiated from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of plant growth regulators. They are using (5-25 µM) of BAP (6-benzyladenine), KN (kinetin), and TDZ (thidiazuron) cytokinins along with (2-10 µM) different auxins [NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid), IAA (indole-3 acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid)]. Maximum regenerative callus (95%) was observed on TDZ + NAA (10 µM + 2 µM). Organogenic calli were transferred to shoot induction medium containing a different concentration of cytokinins (BAP, KIN, TDZ) ranging from 5-25 µM. Among the cytokinins tested BAP 10 µM produced number of shoots (35.2) with maximum shoot induction frequency (98%). Isolated shoots were carefully transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with auxins (IAA, IBA, and NAA) ranging from 2-10 µM. The maximum numbers of roots (8.8) were observed on 4 µM IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Chromolaena and Lantana plants were analyzed to evaluate the existence of allelopathic effect using fully viable seeds of mung bean as the bioassay material. The study shows that pretreatment of mung bean seeds with various concentrations [1:1 and 1:2 (w/v)] of Chromolaena and Lantana leaf leachate for 24 h interval reduced the percentage germination. DNA and RNA contents were significantly reduced with a remarkable increase of amylase activity in seed samples pretreated with leaf leachate of Chromolaena and Lantana. The seedling performance was found to be much poor when the seedlings were raised from seeds which underwent pretreatment with the plant leachates. Evidenced from the lower levels of chlorophyll, DNA and RNA as well as a higher level of amylase activity in leaves of seedlings. Leaf leachate causes the reduction of germinability and influenced activity of amylase enzyme being the important allelopathic indices; it can be concluded that Chromolaena and Lantana can potentially render allelopathic action on mung bean. It further reemphasizes the fact that fast-growing exotic invasive weeds...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum for its anti-hyperglycemic activity against diabetics induced by alloxan in Wistar albino rats. Artificially diabetes was induced in albino rats by the administration through injection of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (10 mg/kg, I.P). The 10 mg/kg methanol residue of S. asperum was administered as a single oral dose per day to diabetes-induced rats for 28 days. The outcome of algae residue feeding was estimated by various biochemical and hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, Hb, and platelets and lipid profile. After feeding of algal methanol extract of S. asperum in diabetic rats for 28 days, the blood glucose had significantly decreased, whereas the liver glycogen level had increased. Histopathological examination of the pancreas was done. The methanol residues of the Spatoglossum asperum possess very effective anti-hyperglycemic activity on the diabetic rats as compared to...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Conventional oral dosage forms posses low bioavailability problems due to their rapid gastric transition from the stomach. Especially some drug which is less soluble in alkaline pH and producing local action in the stomach gets rapidly emptied and do not get enough residence time in the stomach. As a result, there is a requirement of increased frequency of dose. To overcome such type of problems various efforts have been made by developing the gastro-retentive drug delivery system. The gastro-retentive drug delivery system comprised mainly of floating, mucoadhesive, swellable and high-density systems have emerged as a current approach of enhancing the bioavailability and controlled delivery of drugs that exhibit an absorption window. So, oral controlled release and site-specific drug delivery system has been of great interest in the pharmaceutical field to achieve an improved therapeutic advantage. In this review, we have discussed the various approaches to produce gastro retention of drug delivery system, with special discussion on floating in-situ gel system for stomach specific drug delivery. As it offers several...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Multifunctional excipients are class of excipients that includes pre-processed and co-processed excipients that provide added functionalities to the formulation. Functionality is a desirable property of the material that aids manufacturing and improves the quality and performance of the material. This review article reveals with the functionality evaluation of excipients that include surrogate functionality and explicit functionality of excipient. The surrogate functionality gives information that predicts whether or not a particular excipient is likely to have the requisite functionality to produce a product that will meet finished product specifications in all respects. The explicit functionality means the ability of excipient to develop an appropriate formulation of a drug and a useful manufacturing process to create a tablet. Compactibility of excipient is a capability of the material to form coherent agglomerates after compression, has been analyzed by compact density, tensile strength, solid fraction, bonding index, etc. The compatibility mainly depends upon the material property like plastic and...
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