Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and persistent hyperglycaemia. It accounts for over 90% of global diabetes cases and contributes to approximately 9% of global mortality, equating to nearly four million deaths annually. With a rising burden in rural areas, identifying the prevalence and risk factors is crucial for effective public health planning. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of T2DM and its associated risk factors in a rural population aged 30 years and above in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st May 2023 to 30th April 2024 in the rural area of Gwalior. A total of 250 individuals aged 30 years and above were enrolled. Data collection included demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, BMI categorization, smoking, and alcohol consumption status. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured to identify diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Results: The overall prevalence of T2DM was 14.8%, while 20% of participants exhibited impaired fasting...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Vaginal discharge is the commonest symptom reported in reproductive tract infection the recognition and diagnosis of the correct cause of abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of infectious agents. Reproductive tracts infections (RTIs) can cause serious physical and psychological harm, and this harm is not limited only to the women themselves, but also a serious threat to their next generation, and may cause a heavy social and economic burden.RTI/STI wherein disclosure is associated with stigma and health-seeking is impaired by embarrassment and hesitation, particularly in women where accessibility to an empathic female health worker may not be available given the state of primary health-care. If untreated, RTIs can lead to adverse health outcomes such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to the transmission of the Human immunodeficiency virus. It is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clinically, the first choice to treat RTIs according to different pathogens is antibiotics. Most of the drugs used in RTIs are metronidazole, clotrimazole pessary and antibiotics...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Vortioxetine, a well-established antidepressant for major depressive disorder, faces limitations in traditional formulations regarding patient compliance and rapid onset of action. Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) offer a patient-friendly alternative, particularly beneficial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate MDTs of vortioxetine using super disintegrants (Cros povidone, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate), effervescent agents, and sublimation techniques. Twelve formulations (F1–F9) were prepared via direct compression, each containing 4 mg vortioxetine. The tablets were evaluated for physical properties (hardness, friability, disintegration time), drug content, dissolution profiles, and stability. Results indicated rapid disintegration (85% within 10 minutes). Stability studies over 45 days showed no significant changes in drug content or disintegration time. The optimized formulation (F9) demonstrated superior performance, with 98.5% drug release at 10 minutes. MDTs of vortioxetine present advantages such as enhanced patient compliance, ease of administration, and potential for faster therapeutic effects. This study underscores the potential of MDTs as a viable alternative to conventional tablets, particularly for patients with dysphagia. Further clinical...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Objective: Chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth, is usually treated non-surgically by scaling and root planing. Minocycline is used as a local drug delivery and can be used as an adjunctive agent. The study aims to determine the efficacy of minocycline microspheres as a local drug delivery agent in treating chronic periodontitis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of minocycline microspheres as local drug delivery agents in chronic periodontitis were included. Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane database, PUBMED, and Google Scholar in the English language from January 2000 up to January 2023. Articles retrieved were screened using specific inclusion criteria by four independent reviewers and analyzed using Rev Man 5.0 software. The measured outcomes were Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Level, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index. Results: About 1288 patients aged above 30 were studied. In all the studies, the control group was treated with scaling and root planing alone, whereas the test group was treated with scaling and root planing...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Metformin used successfully by clinicians over the decades as a first-line treatment for hyperglycemia also it was a popular treatment for type-2 diabetes in those who are overweight, when diabetes is not controlled by a healthy diet and lifestyle changes. Genetic factors place an important role in modulating metformin efficacy and toxicity in which OCT- 1 was a major transporter of metformin so genetic polymorphism of OCT-1 largely influences the metformin response and toxicity. This review outlines the relation between OCT-1 variants and metformin induced gastrointestinal side effects with similar and varied results among studies and portrays the need for studies to prove the relation between metformin efficacy, gastrointestinal side effects, and genetic variation of OCT-1 so that future studies may contribute to personalized and safer metformin...
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