Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2016 in |
Pharmacogenomics (constitute both branch i.e pharmacology and genetic) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the effect of genetic variation on drug response in patient by correlating the gene expression with the pharmacokinetic parameter i.e absorption, distribution metabolism and excreation. The Pharmacogenomics is used in the research to increase the safety and efficacy of the drug by targeting the drug at the particular site of genes. Pharmacogenetic also play important role in the study of effect of multiple genes in the pharmacological action of drugs. In Pharmacogenomics we identify and study about various component of the genes that affect the therapeutic of the drug. Most of the drugs fail to show therapeutic effect at the latter stages it may be due to unexpected adverse effect of drug that may be due to the effect of various component of genes. Pharmacogenetic studies can be used at various stages of drug development. In clinical studies, pharmacogenetic can be used in stratification of patient based...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2016 in |
Background: Widespread use of antibiotics in livestock production in large-scale across the globe has become of public and veterinary health importance because of its implication in antibiotic resistance. Adequate data in this area of research is not readily available in Nigeria; this study was undertaken in view of the possible link between antimicrobial resistance in farm animals and humans. Methods: We collected fifty samples of raw beef from different vendors and slaughter houses within Abuja and screened them for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium using standard microbiological methods. The total bacterial and fungal counts, susceptibility of the isolates to different antibiotics and heat sensitivity at 55, 60 and 65ºC for 15 minutes were determined. Results: Our results show that ten isolates of Listeria monocytogenes and eighteen isolates of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated from the samples. The total viable bacteria count range was 1x 109 – 8x 109cfu/g while the fungal count was 1x 103 – 9x 109cfu/g. One (10 %) of the Listeria monocytogenes isolates was...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2016 in |
Millions of people today use herbs either as food or in the form of medicine along with prescription and non prescription medications. Although considered natural and safe, many of these herbs can interact with other medications, causing either potentially dangerous side effects and/or reduced benefits from the medication. Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms are involved in these interactions and majority of the herb-drug interactions were found to be mediated by metabolic inductions or inhibitions. It should be understood that herbal preparations contain multiple active phytochemicals in varying proportions which can, like any other active pharmacological substance, alter the enzymatic systems, transporters and/or the physiologic processes. The purpose of this review is to discuss evidence based mechanisms and clinical implications of such herb-drug interactions and to increase awareness on herb-drug interactions by reviewing published clinical and preclinical studies. As the incidence and severity of herb-drug interactions is increasing due to a worldwide rise in the use of herbal preparations, more clinical data regarding herb-drug interactions are needed to make decisions...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Background: Plants are enriched with various types of phytoconstituents present in the form of secondary metabolites that ensure its medicinal value. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out focusing on its antioxidant property that may mainstay of exploring other therapeutic potency. Hence, phytochemical investigation followed with antioxidant property was evaluated in the leaf extracts of the selected plant Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston, collected from eastern coastal belt of south Odisha. Objective: To carry out the phytochemical studies of various leaf extracts and fractions of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston. In vitro antioxidant activities were also estimated to justify the leaves being used in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assayed by DPPH scavenging activity and 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation. Estimation of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were done. Further HPTLC finger print of active fractions was performed to isolate and purify the active components presence in them. One of the isolated purified compounds was characterized by various spectral methods. Results: Preliminary phytochemical...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
A novel approach was tested utilizing mucoadhesive in-situ gelling (ISG) Gellan Gum /HPMC solutions containing dispersions of methazolamide (MZA) loaded Spanlastic Vesicular systems (SVs). The tested systems were designed to combine high corneal permeability of SVs as well as ease of application and prolonged eye retention of ISGs. SVs consisted of Span 60 mixed with different ratios of edge activators (EA) (Tween 60, Tween 80, Brij 35 and Brij 58) were initially prepared and examined to select formulae that had small vesicle size and high drug entrapment. The evaluation of SVs systems included measurement of particle sizes, entrapment efficiencies (EE %) and relative deformability. SVs in ISG systems were characterized by in vitro release, viscosity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement after their administration to rabbit eyes and histopathological examination. It was found that SVs containing 10% Tween 60 (90:10) in ISG solutions (SG1) produced the highest reduction in IOP with the highest prolongation of MZA...
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