Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Bioanalysis is most widely used for drug discovery and development. Bioanalytical methods have been working for the quantitative estimation of drugs, or its metabolites and biomarkers in its biological samples. The steps involved in bioanalysis comprise of many steps that are from sample collection to sample analysis and then data reporting. The first step involves sample collection from clinical or preclinical studies. After that, the analysis of the sample is done in the laboratory. The second step involves the sample cleanup the cleanup process should be carried out carefully to eliminate the interferences present in the sample matrix. And it increases the performance of the analytical system. The last step involves sample analysis and detection of a separated compound and detection of techniques used are HPLC and Liquid chromatography coupled with double mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS) and are used in the bioanalysis of drugs in the body. Each one of these has its advantage and disadvantage. For bioanalysis of small or large molecules the chromatographic methods used are HPLC, and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Obesity is a complicated global health issue that necessitates novel therapeutic methods, as traditional treatments frequently fail to fulfill the different patient needs. Bilayer tablets, an advanced oral drug delivery technology, combine immediate-release and sustained-release layers in a single dosage form, allowing for quick symptom relief while maintaining stable plasma drug concentrations. This dual-action method improves therapeutic efficacy, lowers side effects, and increases patient adherence. Manufacturing advances, such as 3D printing and hot-melt extrusion, have improved the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of anti-obesity medications, underlining the promise of bilayer tablets to solve obesity-related issues. Additionally, adding artificial intelligence and precision medicine into bilayer tablet manufacturing allows for tailored drug combinations, optimal release profiles, and precise excipient selection. Emerging advances, such as biodegradable polymers and sensor-enabled systems, improve patient compliance, treatment monitoring, and sustainability. Despite its promise, difficulties like as manufacturing complexity, regulatory barriers, and high costs remain, necessitating additional research and innovation. Addressing these difficulties has the potential to unlock the full potential of bilayer tablets, revolutionizing obesity medicine...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
This study explores buccal drug delivery as an alternative to traditional oral medications, emphasizing its advantages in bioavailability, drug stability, and therapeutic efficacy. Key formulation factors, including swelling index, drug content, folding endurance, and surface pH, are evaluated alongside various production techniques such as solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, and freeze-drying. The study also examines emerging technologies like co-crystallization, lipid-based formulations, solid dispersion technology, 3D printing, and AI-driven formulation design, which enhance drug stability and solubility. Findings indicate that buccal films improve bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism while advanced formulation techniques enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. However, challenges such as formulation stability and drug load capacity necessitate further research into nanotechnology, smart polymers, and multilayer films to optimize controlled drug release and permeability. Buccal films offer a promising drug delivery platform for various therapeutic applications, including cancer treatment, cardiovascular diseases, smoking cessation, hormone therapy, and pain management. Future advancements in smart materials and nanotechnology can further enhance therapeutic outcomes, patient compliance, and drug delivery efficiency, positioning buccal films...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a critical component of public health, particularly for refugee populations who experience heightened vulnerabilities due to forced displacement, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, cultural barriers, and restrictive host-country policies. This review examines the complex barriers affecting refugees’ access to SRH services, categorizing them into structural and logistical constraints, socio-cultural determinants, and economic and policy-related challenges. The findings reveal significant gaps in family planning and contraceptive utilization, often influenced by misinformation, partner opposition, and limited contraceptive availability. Additionally, the review evaluates the role of humanitarian interventions, including the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) and community-based SRH programs, in addressing both immediate and long-term healthcare needs. Case studies of successful interventions, such as refugee-led family planning initiatives in Guinea and integrated SRH service models in Bangladesh and Lebanon, demonstrate the efficacy of community engagement, policy reform, and improved coordination among stakeholders in enhancing SRH outcomes. The review underscores the urgent need for sustainable healthcare solutions, advocating for the integration of refugees into national healthcare systems, expansion of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Background: Analysis of price inconsistencies among various brands guides prescribing physicians. A cost-effective prescribing pattern safeguards good patient compliance and better treatment outcomes. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the cost variation of different angiotensin receptor blockers available in the Indian market. Materials and Methods: The prices of angiotensin receptor blockers, produced by different pharmaceutical companies in India, with the same strength and dosage form were obtained from the Current Index of Medical Specialties, manual 2024-2025. The cost of generics was obtained from the janaushadhi.gov.in website. The maximum and minimum prices of brand drugs manufactured by different companies, cost differences of brand versus generic drugs, cost ratio, and the percentage cost variation, were calculated. Results: Candesartan had the highest cost variation. The difference between the minimum price of brand drugs and the cost of generic drugs was highest with telmisartan 80 mg at 41.23%. The cost variation among the combinations was maximum with telmisartan 80 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg at 559 %. Olmesartan 40 mg +...
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