Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Osteoporosis is a Skeletal condition that generally develops with aging. The primary osteoporosis is more prevalent in women after menopause which is known as postmenopausal osteoporosis, and it also happens after the age of 75. Secondary osteoporosis is brought on by long-term usage of drugs like glucocorticoids or chronic underlying illnesses. Oral GC use ranges from 0.5 to 0.9% in the community, and it rises to 2.7% among women over 50 years. The key mechanisms by which glucocorticoids directly affect bone formation involve the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and the activation of PPAR-γ. Moreover, glucocorticoids directly contribute to bone resorption by encouraging the production of RANKL, M-CSF and reducing the synthesis of osteoprotegerin ligand by osteocytes and osteoblastic cells. First-line treatments for osteoporosis include weight-bearing physical activity, exercise, and exercises that help with posture and balance, as well as a diet high in calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and consuming alcohol in moderation. Certain medications are required in the second phase such as anabolic, anti-resorptive, and combination drugs. Medicinal...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and impact of advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) and propose novel strategies for improved management and therapeutic outcomes. A comprehensive review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on advancements in ADA-SCID. Gene variant data were analysed using databases like dbSNP and ClinVar, with pathogenicity assessed using tools such as SIFT and PolyPhen. The methodology includes a comprehensive review of studies from 1970–2024 was performed, emphasizing diagnostics (e.g., TREC screening, genomic sequencing) and therapies (e.g., enzyme replacement therapy, HSCT, and gene therapy). The study highlighted the pathogenic variants of the ADA gene contributing to ADA-SCID, diagnostic challenges, and the associated vaccination risks. Current therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy, were reviewed, emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Novel therapies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 base editing, in-utero stem cell transplantation, and iPSC-derived treatments, demonstrated promising potential for future management of ADA-SCID. The review consolidates insights into ADA-SCID...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is one of the most common cancers accountings for 15% of all the cancers diagnosed in women. Diabetes mellitus is considered a main factor that increases the propensity to get genital infections, especially when uncontrolled. This analysis allowed us to identify an intriguing pattern that opens up new avenues for investigation. Aims and Objectives: To study the PAP smear findings among diabetic females who visited the OPD for various complaints and routine check-ups as well. Material and Method: A total cases of 1800 pap smears from women between age group of 25 to 80, for the period of 1 year were included in this study. Results: Out of 1800, 1308 were diabetic and 492 were nondiabetic. Among patients we found that the incidence of LSIL, HSIL, Ca-Cervix are higher in diabetic women than non-diabetic women. Conclusion: The study’s findings demonstrated a correlation between diabetes mellitus and abnormal pap smear tests, and they also indicated that managing diabetes mellitus is a significant factor influencing pap smear results....
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
New Benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. To explain the activity of new derivatives, we have explored the binding affinity of the compounds against α-amylase (PDB ID: 4W93), the target enzyme for the antidiabetic activity. α-amylase is considered as primary target because it converts starch into maltose, which is followed by the production and transportation of the glucose into the blood. Docking study strongly enhanced the activity of these compounds as new discovered hits. The drug likeness score established the compounds to be pharmacokinetically active. All the reactions were monitored by TLC one spot technique, melting point analysis and the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, proton NMR spectra. The inhibitory activity of all the derivatives against alpha amylase enzyme showed moderate activity in comparison to standard drug acarbose. Among all the derivatives, BM-1emerged with potent inhibitory activity. Compounds BM-2, BM-3 and BM-4 exhibited moderateinhibitoryactivity.BM-5was found to be the least potent...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Andrographolides are bioactive compounds derived from the plant Andrographis paniculata that have gained attention for their potential as an immune modulator. Research indicates that andrographolides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. It can enhance the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and T lymphocytes, and modulate cytokine production, which helps balance immune responses. Clinical studies suggest that andrographolides may be beneficial in treating respiratory infections, reducing inflammation, and potentially providing protective effects against autoimmune conditions. Andrographolides have been shown to inhibit key inflammatory pathways, including the NF-κB, MAPK, and STAT3 signalling pathways, which play crucial roles in the immune response. Andrographolides have been studied in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs, showing a synergistic effect that enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing side effects. While results are promising, more extensive clinical trials are necessary to establish its effectiveness and safety for long-term use. Andrographolides show potential as a natural immune-supportive agent, warranting further exploration in integrative health...
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