Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major public health concern. The parasite lacks a functional Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), making glycolysis its sole energy source. One such enzyme is triose phosphate isomerase. This catalyzes the isomerization of D-Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to dihydroxy acetone phosphate. An attempt was made to identify the potential phyto inhibitors and inhibit the enzyme as well as to modify their side chain to impure the binding efficiently. Here, two datasets are made such as training set and testing set, in which first, is training set, contain 19 known inhibitors against Triosephosphate Isomerase and second is testing set which contain 6 phyto-inhibitors to be tested. Autodock Vina, a docking tool, is used for molecular docking that utilizes information on conformational variability from ensembles of experimental receptor structure ofTriosephosphate Isomerase. We showed that experimentally determined binding orientations and computed energies of known Ligands can be reproduced accurately. It also reported that the presence of phosphate groups in a ligand confers better stable...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Multiparticulate drug delivery systems like pellets, granules, micro particles, minitablets etc., prove to be promising and highly flexible systems with ease of formulating with different drug release kinetics. These multiparticulate dosage forms are essential where drug-excipients or drug-drug physicochemical interactions are possible in a single-unit formulation. In present times, pelletization technologies are gaining much attention as they represent an efficient pathway for manufacture of oral drug delivery systems. Pelletization is an agglomeration process that converts fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients into small, free flowing semi-spherical units. Pellets, being multiparticulate systems, are widely used due to the technological as well as therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage forms. The present review focus on advantages, disadvantages, formation of pellet growth, different pelletization techniques, characterization, marketed pellets products and also outlines recent developments in the pharmaceutical approaches that have been used to prepare pelletized dosage forms with different techniques like Hot Melt Extrusion-Spheronization, Freeze and Cryopelletization, Microtabletting...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Alstonia scholaris R. Br. (Fam: Apocynaceae) is widely used plant in Indian medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Among the complex constituents of this plant, ursolic acid, a triterpene acid is reported in the leaves of A. scholaris. Ursolic acid was isolated from the methanolic extracts of the leaves of A. scholaris. The isolated marker ursolic acid was authenticated by UV, IR, Mass and NMR spectroscopy. A simple sensitive and HPTLC method was developed for the quantitative analysis of ursolic acid in leaves of A. scholaris. The method was found to be precise, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of intraday and interday analysis in the range of 1.28-3.41% and 2.43-3.07% respectively. Accuracy of the method was checked by conducting recovery study at three different levels (50, 100 and 125%) and the average recovery was found to be 100.57%. The content of ursolic acid was found to be 3.10 ± 0.01gms/100gms of powdered leaves of Alstonia scholaris. The proposed method is rapid, simple and accurate and can be...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Biosimilars are defined as officially approved new version of innovator bio-therapeutic products for which the patent has expired. Biosimilars the ‘generic’ versions of biopharmaceuticals, continue to enter Indian pharmaceutical market, to treat a variety of diseases. Biosimilars available in India include monoclonal antibodies for treating various malignant and immunological disorders, growth factors like erythropoietin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), human insulins for treating diabetes mellitus etc. In the recent scenario, there is an increasing demand for biological drugs. The development and production of biosimilars are boosted by existing manufacturing technology. Due to no investment in phase I-II of clinical trials, biosimilars are available at cheaper prices than the reference products, so that it has low market risk. The main goal of this review is that the phase I-II trials are typically not required for biosimilar approval unless it is found necessary in special cases. Phase III trials with a minimum of 100 patients are mandatory for establishing bioequivalence. Therefore, the total cost to develop a biosimilar in India...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
The term dementia refers to a severe loss of thinking abilities; especially memory. The most common kind of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Bacopa monnieri and Withania somnifera are the most potent herbs for the treatment of loss of memory. Piper nigrum Linn. is essential ingredients of numerous prescriptions and formulations. It is reported that Black pepper increases the blood levels of drugs more than 100%. In this study, alcoholic extract of B. monnieri, methanolic extract of W. somnifera and powder of Piper nigrum and their combinations were subjected to young mice. Elevated plus Maze and Passive Avoidance apparatus served for the exteroceptive behavioural model for testing memory. Piracetam was taken as standard drug and Scopolamine was used to induce amnesia. In-vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by using DPPH free radical scavenging model and Gallic acid as standard drug. This study demonstrates that Alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri alone and Alcoholic extract of B. monnieri in combination with methanolic extract of Withania somnifera and powder of Piper nigrum...
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