Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
The present study was conducted to perform the translation and validation of Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire (MDQ) instrument for use in Indian type 2 diabetic patients. Validated English version ofMDQ instrument was selected for the study. The instrument was subjected to forward and back translation to generate final version in the Hindi language. The instrument consists of three sections: Section I, general perceptions of diabetes and related social support measuring interference, severity and social support. Section II, social incentives related to self-care activities measuring positive reinforcing behaviors and misguided reinforcing behaviors and Section III, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies measuring self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Validation was done in two hundred fifty Indian diabetic type 2 patients after the pilot testing (n=50). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and value of 0.84 was gained for the summary score and alpha values of 0.81, 0.93 and 0.87 were observed for section I, II and III indicating high levels of internal reliability. The results of the study reveal the validation of the MDQ instrument...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
The objective of the current study was to develop simple, precise and accurate stability indicating by isocratic RP-HPLC assay method and validated for determination of Phenobarbitone in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a analytical C18 R column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) using mobile phase of Acetonitrile: Methanol (65:35, v/v) at a UV detector. The drug was subjected to acid degradation, alkaline degradation, oxidation, photolysis and heat to apply stress condition. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and solution stability. The method was linear in the drug concentration range of 10-60 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient 0.999. The method was also found to be robust as indicated by the % RSD values which are less than 2%. The stress degradation studies showed that Phenobarbitone undergoes degradation in acid, base, oxidation, dry heat (4.80%, 1.52%, 2.16%, and 1.81% respectively). Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with detection Phenobarbitone and the...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors, and play a central role in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. PPAR -γ appears to improve glycaemic control by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production, thereby helping to preserve beta-cell function. However, they have modest beneficial effects on lipid parameters. It has been observed that fibrate drugs which activate PPAR- α, produce significant improvements in dyslipidaemia and decrease atherosclerotic lesions, but do not affect glycaemia. Theoretically, a compound targeting both α and γ PPARs simultaneously, might combine the benefits of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and fibrates. Hence, there is a resurgence of interest in the development of new antidiabetic drugs that combine the insulin-sensitizing effects of PPARγ activation with the additional lipid-modifying activity of the other PPAR subtypes. Compounds that act on both receptors may represent an attractive treatment option, provided that the potential to improve both glycemic and lipid parameters can be achieved within the same therapeutic window in order to minimize the incidence of PPAR-related side effects....
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Medicinal plants have been used as a source of medicine and in widespread use of herbal remedies and healthcare preparations. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial potentiality of methanol solvent extracts of mature leaves of Costus igneus against five pathogenic bacterial isolates viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp, Klebsiella pneumonia sp, Bacillus subtilis sp, Proteus mirablis sp . The antibacterial potential of Costus igneus methanol extract was tested by using Agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract of Costus igneus (100mg/ml) showed maximum zone of inhibition (7mm) against Escherichia coli sp.where as Proteus mirablis sp showed less zone of inhibition (4mm). The methanol extract of Costus igneus (100mg/ml) showed maximum zone of inhibition (7mm) against Penicillium sp. But Candida albicans sp showed less zone of inhibition (4mm). Phytochemical tests were performed and showed that the antibacterial activity of Costus igneus plant leaves was due to to the presence of phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 20...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Self-medication is global problem but in developing regions, where drugs are available to customers easily it arises greater risks and challenges. Peshawar and Mardan are two big and heavily inhibited cities of a developing country, Pakistan hence in this study we aim to find the level of self-medication and general knowledge about antibiotics of the people in these two cities. We conducted our study on 500 participants from these two cities (250 from each) through a simple questionnaire. Our results confirmed that 78% of participants were using self-medication we also report that 45.2% of the participants prefer self-medication to a physician prescription. Our results also showed that 25.6% of the participants never check the expiry date on the antibiotics they use during self-medication. We also found that 63.6% of the participants believed that they know what type of antibiotic to take for which medical complications however in contrast 34.4% of participant reported that antibiotics could be used in dengue fever. We conclude that the knowledge and perception of inhabitants...
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