Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder. It is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children. ADHD includes some combination of problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Children with ADHD also may struggle with low self-esteem, troubled relationships and poor performance in school. Adolescents and adults with ADHD tend to develop coping mechanisms to compensate for some or all of their impairments. Although much progress has been made in our understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, much has yet to be researched, particularly for adolescents. It is clear that the current diagnostic criteria, although valid for children, may need to be modified for adolescents and adults, to reflect the developmental changes that take place as children approach adulthood. Studies are required to clarify how medication needs, types, dosages, and frequencies of administration differ among adolescents and adults, compared with...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Background: In Ethiopia, study about prevalence and determinants of depression among adultadmitted patients is scanty. Depression in adults aged 18 years and older who also have physical health problem at hospital setting is high risk factor for psychiatric disorder. Objective: to assess prevalence of depression and determinants among adultpatients admitted in governmental hospitals, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2012. Methods: The study design was a hospital based cross-sectional study, data was collected from280 adult hospitalized patients using systematic random sampling technique and questionnaire standardized structured Hamilton depression rating scale was conducted from March 23, 2012 to April 21, 2012 study period. The data first was cleaned, edited, coded and entered into computer and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Frequency and other descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions was done for association, the test of odd ratio was using 95% confidence interval and P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 280 patients were interviewed study subjects thus made response rate of98.2%. Out of this 118 (42.1%) were males and 162...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Bioequivalence studies should be conducted for two products marketed by different licensees, containing same active ingredient(s), must be shown to be therapeutically equivalent to one another order to be considered interchangeable. The bioequivalence of two formulations of the same drug can be determined based on the absence of significant differences in primary pharmacokinetic properties of bioavailability, such as pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the plasma concentration-time curve are subjected to ANOVA. So we need to check ANOVAs for all pharmacokinetic parameters. Instead of that we can use multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) as it contains ANOVA results and further give more information regarding significance. From the results we can see that we get the same values like ANOVA and additionally we get 4 different tests for significance. Wilk’s Lambda shows that 6.9%, 14.1% and 20% of the variance of the dependent variable (Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞) is accounted for by the differences between drugs, phase and interaction respectively. Pillai’s Trace,...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Rapid rising population has caused serious problems in the economic growth and all around human development especially in developing countries like India. Our future well-being depends on increased access to family planning and reproductive health services and decreased consumption by people. Family planning has been promoted through several methods of contraception. But due to series adverse effects produced by synthetic steroidal contraceptives, attention has now been given to indigenous plants for possible contraceptive effects. Thus there is a need of replace these agents by plants. The investigation of plant constituents with development of an effective, reversible and safe male contraceptive represents a potential alternative approach to birth control from the existing available methods. This review concentrates on those recent advances in science and technology that offer possible inroads for shifting the paradigm for male-based contraception. This review presents updated information gathered on scientifically proved medicinal plant (Withania Somnifera) and their more than 50 secondary metabolites might be can use as male contraceptive agents and other biological activity. The aim...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2013 in |
Three simple, rapid, precise and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous analysis of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate (CNT) and Rabeprazole Sodium (RAB) in their combined dosage form. Method A, Simultaneous equation method (Vierodt’s method) applies measurement of absorptivities at two wavelengths, 265.6 nm (λmax of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) and 282.6 nm, (λmax of Rabeprazole Sodium) in zero order spectra. The concentrations can be calculated from the derived equations. Method B, Q-Absorbance equation method. It involves formation of Q-absorbance equation at 279.00 nm (isoabsorptive point) and 265.60 nm (λmax of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) in zero order spectra. Method C, Zero crossing first derivative spectrophotometry involves measurement of absorbance at 246.30 nm (for Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate) and 304.00 nm (for Rabeprazole Sodium) in first derivative spectra. Developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The calibration graph follows Beer’s law in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 μg/ml for Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartrate and 4.0 to 20.0 μg/ml for Rabeprazole Sodium in water as a solvent with R square value greater...
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