Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
An immunomodulator can be defined as a substance, which can influence any constituent or function of the immune system in a specific or nonspecific manner including both innate or adaptive arms of the immune response. The Ayurvedic system of medicine details the concept of immunomodulation by the term Rasayana. The use of herbs for improving the overall resistance of body against common infections and pathogens has been a guiding principle of Ayurveda. Such herbs possessing immunomodulatory effects are referred to as Rasayana in Ayurvedic classics. Prakara Yoga is a chapter in one of the prime traditional Ayurvedic pediatric text book – Arogyakalpadruma. The whole content of Prakara Yoga chapter deals with different immunomodulatory recipes and procedures to be adopted right from the day after delivery. This paper is a review on the various concepts of immunomodulation detailed in the very same book along with the pharmacological studies conducted so far in this...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Essential oils are a diverse group of natural products. Oils are the important source of aromatic and flavoring chemicals in food, industrial, and pharmaceutical products. Essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds derived from the different parts of the plants. Various extraction methods are used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils from the plant materials. Essential oils are produced using several techniques like water distillation, steam distillation, hydro diffusion, maceration, solvent-free microwave extraction, solar distillation and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, etc. These extraction and expression methods are used to remove the oils from the dried/fresh plants (or) machines to squeeze the oil out of the plants. Out of all the extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide method is more efficient. The present paper is an attempt to list out the various methods of extraction of essential oil from the different parts of the plants and their merits and...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery allows topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, treatment can be made effective if the drugs can be targeted directly into the colon, thereby reducing the systemic side effects. The aim of the present research work was to develop sustained release multi-layered formulation of Methotrexate, targeted to colon by using the combination of pH- dependent release, timed release and microbially triggered system. Multi-layered tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique method using starch paste as binder. Prepared formulations were subjected to various studies like hardness, friability, thickness, % drug content, weight variation etc. The influence of core tablet compositions, polymer combination ratios and coating levels on the in vitro release rate of Methotrexate from coated tablets was investigated. The results showed that less than 10% drug was released within %hrs (0.1 N HCl for2 hr and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 3hrs), and about 40% of the drug was released in...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted route of drug delivery. Owing to tremendous curative benefits of the oral controlled release dosage forms are being preferred as the interesting topic in pharmaceutical field to achieved improved therapeutics advantages. Gastroretentive drug delivery system is novel drug delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also improves bioavailability of drugs. Attempt has been made to summarize important factors controlling gastroretentive drug delivery systems. This review covers the advantages, disadvantages, marketed preparation and some patents of gastroretentive drug delivery system and represents the floating and non-floating gastroretentive system and also highlights some of the current gastroretentive approaches. Recent approaches to increase the gastric residence time of drug delivery systems include bioadhesive systems, floating systems (low density systems), non-floating systems (high density systems) , magnetic systems, swelling systems, unfoldable and expandable systems, raft forming systems and superporous systems, biodegradable hydrogel...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
In this paper, an attempt was made to develop a Group-Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (GQSAR) model on a series of substituted Quinoline derivatives as anti-Tubercular agents. The dataset was fragmented based on substitution points on the quinolone ring. Various 2D descriptors were calculated and used in the present analysis. For model validation, the dataset was divided into various training and test sets using sphere exclusion method. The developed G-QSAR models were found to be statistically significant with respect to training (r2>0.7), cross-validation (q2>0.6), and external validation (pred_r2>0.5). The developed GQSAR model suggests that substitutions on fragment R4 have an important role in determining biological...
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