Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
This study describes a Box-Behnken experimental design to optimize the formulation of Acetazolamide (ACZ) loaded microspheres by solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RS100 as a polymer. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for their production yields, particle size distribution, morphology, entrapment efficiency % and drug release characteristics. Box-Behnken design produced fifteen formulations containing specified amounts of the independent variables, drug: polymer ratio (X1), surfactant concentration % (X2) and stirring rate (rpm) (X3), the dependent factors studied were entrapment efficiency % (Y1), % drug released after 6 hrs (Y2) and particle size (µm) (Y3). Acetazolamide-loaded microspheres were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface. The results showed that the production yield of the prepared microspheres was found to be between 70.45 and 92.98%. The formulated microspheres exhibited acceptable entrapment efficiency % values in the range of 34.84 to 76.19%. The computer optimization process, surface and contour plots predicted the levels of independent variables X1, X2 and X3 (1:5, 0.5 and 890, respectively), for maximized response of EE% (80.25%), controlled release...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Background:Tuberculosis is the second most common cause of death due to an infectious disease after human immunodeficiency virus. According to World Health Organization 2010 report, 9.4 million incidents and 14 million prevalent cases were occurred. Ethiopia has been one of the 22 high TB burden countrieswith an incidence and prevalence rate of 300 and 470 cases per 100,000 populations respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculosis control program, continuous monitoring of the outcome of tuberculosis treatment and analyze the specific reasons for unsuccessful treatment outcome are important. Objective: To assess the treatment outcomes and possible associated factors on patients who registered on DOTS clinic of Debre Markos hospital, North West Ethiopia, from June 2008-August 2013. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 717 TB patients who are registered at DOTs clinic of Debre Markos referral hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical data of the study participants were collected from the TB log from the DOTS clinic. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Result: out of 717(371 men and...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
In the present research work an attempt was made to study the effect of formulation variables in the development of dispersible tablet by using various super disintegrants. Instead of normal trial and error method an optimization technique was adapted. Amount of Crosscarmellose sodium, SSG and MCC were included as independent variables and hardness, percentage friability, disintegration time and wetting time were considered as dependent variables. The study was conducted separately for Starch and CPVP as binders. The post compression parameters like hardness, percentage friability, disintegration time and wetting time were found to be within the permissible limits of IP. The results were fitted to quadratic and linear model and were found to be significant. For the selection of optimized formulation a numerical optimization by desirability function was performed with desired constraints. The optimized tablet formulations contained 10.79mg of Crosscarmellose sodium and 1.21mg of MCC for starch as binder and 3.38mg of SSG with 8.62mg of MCC for CPVP as binder. Observed results were in close accord with the predicted...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The objective of the present study was to develop Sustained release matrix tablets of Dicyclomine hydrochloride to reduce the dosing frequency to twice daily thereby increasing patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. Twelve batches of tablets were fabricated using hydrophilic polymer guar gum alone or in combination with xanthan gum and pectin. All the batches were formulated by wet granulation and evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness, drug content uniformity, swelling index and in – vitro drug release profile. The results obtained were satisfactory and complied with the Pharmacopoeial specifications. From the twelve batches, B9 formulation had better control over release rate and can increase patient compliance through twice daily dosing. In- vitro drug release for B9 formulation containing 1:3 drug: polymer (guar gum and pectin) ratio was found to be 18.21% at the end of 2nd hour and 81.26% at the end of 11th hour. The dissolution data was fitted into various models to determine the mechanism of drug release. Kinetics of drug release of the optimized batch showed...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs. Tuberculosis is a global health threat and infecting about one third of the human population. Despite having a variety of anti-tuberculous drugs and availability of effective chemotherapy and Bacille-Calmette –Guerin (BCG) vaccine, tuberculosis remains a leading infectious killer world-wide. This has prompted an urgent need of new drugs and the identification of new drug targets. GlmU is a bifunctional acetyltransferase/uridyltransferase that catalyses the formation of UDP-GlcNAc from GlcN-1-P. UDP-GlcNAc is a substrate for two important biosynthetic pathway: lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan synthesis. The glmU protein is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being required for optimal bacterial growth. Since inhibition of GlmU affects peptidoglycan synthesis which often results in cell lysis, M. tuberculosis GlmU is a potential anti-tuberculosis drug target. The primary protein sequence analysis was done using protparam tool and secondary structure prediction was done using SOPMA. The NTP_transferase domain and IspD domain found in GlmU protein were identified by SMART and its 3D structure prediction was done using modeller....
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