Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor which reduces gastric acid secretion through inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. By inhibiting the functioning of this enzyme, the drug prevents formation of gastric acid. Esomeprazole is combined with the antibiotics, clarithromycin and amoxicillin (or metronidazole in penicillin-hypersensitive patients) in the 7-14 day eradication triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Infection by H. pylori is the causative factor in the majority of peptic and duodenal ulcers. Common side effects of Esomeprazole include headache, diarrhea, nausea, gas, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, and abdominal pain. More severe side effects are severe allergic reactions, chest pain, dark urine, fast heartbeat, fever, paresthesia, persistent sore throat, severe stomach pain, unusual bruising or bleeding, unusual tiredness, and yellowing of the eyes or skin. Proton pump inhibitors may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures and Clostridium difficile– associated diarrhea. Patients are frequently administered the drugs in intensive care as a protective measure against ulcers, but this use is also associated with a 30% increase...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic extract of Asteracantha longifolia Nees has been evaluated against 4 Gram positive bacteria, 7 Gram negative bacteria and 7 fungi. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole used as standards for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The extract showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15.0 to 26.0 mm. A. longifolia demonstrated significant zone of inhibition against all experimental bacteria, namely, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. paratyphi, S. typhi, Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. Sonnei and V. cholerae and four fungi, namely, A. niger, B. dermatitidis, Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. The MICs of the plant extract was found to be 31.25 μg/ml against B. cereus, S. typhi, Sh. Sonnei, V. cholerae, A. niger and B. dermatitidis. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 of A. longifolia were found to be 6.1 & 12.2 μg/ml,...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Dental plaque, biofilms of microorganisms on tooth surface, plays an important role in the development of caries and periodontal disease. Our aim was to check the prevalence of bacteria in dental plaque and to test in vitro antibacterial activity of antibiotics and pomrgranate extracts against dental plaque bacteria. Doxycycline and clindamycin showed highest range of antibacterial activity against the dental plaque bacteria. Ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds was compared with petroleum ether seed extract. Both extract of Punica granatum had equal antibacterial activity except Staphylococcus sp. We recommend more studies to demonstrate practical approaches of using natural materials on the oral...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The objective of the present study was to develop venlafaxine hydrochloride orodispersible tablet by using conventional techniques which are simple and cost effective such as use of superdisintegrant technology. In this, sodium starch glycolate and Crosscarmellose sodium crosspovidone and kyron-T-314 were used in the rapid disintegration of the tablets. In this various trials were conducted for the selection of optimum concentration of superdisintegrant. The optimized formula aids in the stabilization of final product. The blend and compressed tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics like bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, In-vitro dispersion time and chemical characteristics like In-vitro dissolution, content uniformity and assay. The stability study was conducted for the optimized batch. This design of dosage form will open a new era for rapid disintegration tablets....
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Introduction: This randomized double blind study was started with an objective of comparing two commonly used vasopressors – ephedrine and phenylephrine in infusion form with crystalloid co-hydration to reduce spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methods: One hundred patients were randomized into two groups to receive either 100 μg/ml phenylephrine (group-P, n=50) or 5mg/ml ephedrine (group-E, n=50). Immediately after spinal injection the study solution was started prophylactically in every patient at the rate of 60ml/hr. A predefined algorithm was used to adjust the infusion rate according to the systolic blood pressure (SBP). Results: Mean vasopressor required was significantly more in group-P than group-E (p<0.001). Incidence of hypotension were more in group-E than group P. Minimum systolic B.P and time to minimum systolic B.P. was lower in group-E compared to group-P (P value <0.001). Incidence of bradycardia was higher in group P and Incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in ephedrine group. Umbilical arterial pH and Umbilical Venous pH was lower in group-E and the difference was highly...
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