Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Use of plants as a source of traditional healing systems around the world that utilize herbal remedies is an important source for the discovery of new antimicrobials against resistant strains of bacteria. Medicinal plants have been a major source of therapeutic agents in Korkus from Melghat since time immemorial. Incredible knowledge of phytomedicine is acquired in non-coded form by these tribals and rural community is clear from evidences related to folklore medicines. Acacia leucopholia (Bark), Butea monosperma (Seed, Flowers), Woodfordia fruticosa (Root, Flowers), Sphaeranthus indicus (Fruits, Whole plant), Maytenus emerginata (Root, Leaves), Acacia arabica (Leaves), Caesalpinia bonducella (Seeds), Gardenia gummifera (Resin) were selected. Dried powders of plant parts were extracted in different solvents like water, ethanol, methanol and acetone. Antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion method against standard cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri. Methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa, Acacia leucopholia, ethanol extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus, Butea monosperma, Maytenus emerginata were active against the...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of hydrophilic polymers on the release profile of drug from matrix system. Salbutamol sulphate, an anti-asthmatic agent, was used as a model drug to evaluate its release characteristics from different matrices. Matrix tablets of salbutamol sulphate were prepared by direct compression process using methocel K100M CR polymer. Release kinetics of salbutamol sulphate from these sustained release matrices in distilled water using USP paddle method with sinker for 8 hours were studied. Statistically significant differences were found among the drug release profile from different formulations. Higher polymer content (70%) in the matrix decreased the rate of the drug due to increased tortuosity and decreased porosity. At lower polymeric level (30%), the rate of drug release was elevated. The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. The results generated in this study showed that the profile and kinetics of drug release were functions of polymer type, polymer level and physico-chemical...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Euphorbia trigona latex has been used most effectively in the traditional Indian medicinal system of Ayurveda for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). However, various organic and aqueous extracts of its latex were found not to possess any antimicrobial activity against several gram positive and gram negative organisms including Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (selected for the present study) which are important urinary pathogens especially in patients with catheters over which they can form biofilms. The observation, that bacterial cell-cell communication or quorum-sensing (QS) is closely linked to swarming differentiation and virulence factor production in bacteria suggests that several bacterial pathogens may be prevented from establishing symptomatic disease via inhibition of their QS system by using anti-QS compounds. This is a viable alternative to the antibiotic-mediated growth inhibition or killing of pathogens, which invariably selects for multiple drug resistant cells. In order to investigate the effects of Euphorbia latex extracts on the pathogenicity of Pr. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa, their growth rate and some QS-controlled phenomena such as...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
The present study was aimed to establish a protocol for multiple shoot induction via the culture of cotyledonary nodes of Clitoria ternatea L., procured from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. Seeds were germinated on MS basal medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (1.0 μM) within one week of inoculation. Cotyledonary node of Clitoria ternatea L. gave rise to multiple shoots (number of shoots varied) when cultured on MS medium fortified with different concentrations of Benzyl adenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kn). The highest rate of shoot multiplication (16.04 ± 0.24) with 90% response was obtained on MS medium containing Benzyl adenine (5.0 μM). Regenerated and elongated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium fortified with Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) (2.0 μΜ) after two weeks of sub-culturing. Complete plantlets were then hardened, acclimatized and transplanted to natural conditions, where they exhibited 80% survivability. Hence, from this study, we report for the first time in vitro propagation from cotyledonary nodes collected from in vitro grown seedlings of Clitoria ternatea L. About 10...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
The objective of present study was to develop a co-processed diluent consisting of physically modified starch and dicalcium phosphate and to assess its suitability in direct compression. Native starch was exposed to nitric acid under controlled conditions. Dicalcium phosphate was incorporated in the neutralized aqueous starch dispersion to prepare co-processed excipient. The modification did not cause any detectable change in the shape and size although rupture was observed in few starch grains. The co-processed diluent was evaluated for particle size analysis, flowability and compressibility. Acetaminophen and glycyrrhiza glabra powder were chosen as poorly compressible model drugs. Nitric acid treatment resulted in formation of starch with high crystallinity. The modified starch and co-processed excipient showed acceptable angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and tapped density. The tablets showed acceptable crushing strength, disintegration and friability. Co-processed diluents exhibited improved flow and compressibility. Starch contributed to economy and disintegration while dicalcium phosphate contributed fragmentation propensity and insulation towards moisture....
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