Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
A Quality by Design approach to analytical method development involves selection of predetermined objective, determined critical parameters, evaluation, appropriate method selection and risk assessment. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) helps to understand the selected method more precisely than traditional method. An important component of AQbD is understanding of independent variables (Factors) and dependent Variables (Response) and their interactions were analysed. Present study entails AQbD driven development of reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for simultaneous estimation of Furazolidone and Metronidazole in pharmaceutical dosage form. The risk based HPLC method development and validation for combination of pharmaceutical dosage form helps to optimize the separation process of the APIs. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using Stat-Ease 360 software ,with 32 factorial design applied to analyse the effect of mobile phase composition and flow rate and effect was evaluated on retention time, number of theoretical plates (NTP), symmetry factor and resolution. The analysis was performed on HiQSil C18H5 column (4.6mm ×250mm) using acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 3 with 0.1% OPA)...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Background: Psychiatric disorders requiring chronic use of psychotropic drugs can cause a wide range of potential adverse effects that can have life-threatening outcomes if not detected and treated on time. This study is aimed towards monitoring and assessing Adverse Drug Events caused by psychotropic drugs. Methods: A prospective observational study was done among 100 patients in Psychiatry Indoor Patients Department from January 2019 to August 2020 using convenient consecutive consenting samples to perform the tests. Results: The study included 100 psychiatric patients, majority suffering from schizophrenia, followed by bipolar mood disorder, major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Among antipsychotics, maximum side effects were seen in patients who were on haloperidol and least in patients on olanzapine. Extrapyramidal reactions were most common with haloperidol. Clozapine caused the most sedation and hypersalivation. Among SSRIs, escitalopram had the highest side effects, including the most sexual side effects among all antidepressants. Valproate caused the most side effects, including confusion and more weight gain, tremor, and nausea than lithium. Conclusion: Haloperidol and risperidone caused...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the diuretic effect of ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia leaves in albino rats. Methods: Normal rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animal each. Group I (Control) treated with 2% Gum Acacia in distilled water orally, Group II (Standard/F20) treated with Furosemide 20mg/kg b.w. orally. Group III and IV treated with Ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia L. leaves at a dose of 300mg/kg b.w. and 600mg/Kg b.w. respectively. Urine collected 5 hrs after the administration of drug. Then the total urine volume was measured. Electrolyte excretion (Na+, K+, Cl-) was estimated for assessment of the various diuretic activity by Sensocare ST 200 plus electrolyte analyzer in Biochemistry Department, JNIMS. Result: A Significant increase in urine output was seen with ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia treated group of animal when compared to normal control. Diuretic activity also increases in a dose dependent manner. Significant increase in sodium, potassium and chloride was also seen in the group treated with the plant extract at...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant challenge in clinical medicine frequently contributing in increasing morbidity, hospital stays, and treatment costs. Despite advancements, irrational prescribing remains common and compromises patient safety. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 13 months (Feb 2024–Mar 2025) at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi. A total of 200 patients with suspected ADRs were enrolled. ADRs were assessed using the Modified Hart wig and Siegel severity scale and WHO-UMC causality scale. Post-ADR prescriptions were analyzed for WHO prescribing indicators and cost-effectiveness. Results: The mean patient age was 38.4±12.6 years, with males comprising 55.5%. Dermatological ADRs were predominant (46%), followed by systemic symptoms (20.5%), gastrointestinal (15%), hepatic (7%), and others (11.5%). Antibiotics (52.5%) and NSAIDs (18%) were the main offending drug classes. Most ADRs were of moderate severity (94%) and classified as “possible” (55.5%). Post-ADR, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.37, 66.95% of which were from the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). The average daily prescription cost was...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and is often linked to higher risks of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between teenage pregnancy and fetomaternal morbidity and mortality, compared with adult primigravida pregnancies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022 in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. A total of 300 primigravida women fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into two groups: Group A – teenage mothers (10–19 years, n=150) and Group B – adult mothers (20–35 years, n=150). Socio-demographic variables, antepartum complications, delivery details, postpartum complications, and neonatal outcomes were recorded and analysed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Teenage mothers showed significantly higher rates of anaemia (72% vs 56.6%, p=0.005), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (28.7% vs 18.7%, p=0.041), preterm deliveries (32% vs 18.7%, p=0.028), and genital tract injuries (16.7% vs 8.7%, p=0.037) compared with adults. Neonatal complications were also...
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