Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Background: Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi is a traditionally used medicinal plant reputed for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. However, detailed scientific validation of its pharmacognostic and bioactive potential is limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemical profile, and in-vitro biological activities of K. fedtschenkoi leaves to support their therapeutic applications. Methods: Macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical analyses were performed to ensure plant authenticity and quality. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and carbohydrates. The ethanolic leaf extract was analyzed by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), revealing 69 compounds, with 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentanetetrol (46.94%) as the major constituent. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Antidiabetic potential was evaluated via α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, while acetylcholinesterase inhibition was performed to determine neuroprotective activity. Results: The extract showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 83.06 μg/mL) and dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 863.42 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 973.46 μg/mL), indicating antidiabetic potential. Strong acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 59.77...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Background: Plant-derived bioactive offer promising alternatives for antimicrobial therapy, but their poor solubility and stability often limit topical application. Liposomal encapsulation can enhance their therapeutic potential. Objective: This study aimed to develop and characterize liposomal gel formulations containing ethanolic extracts of Acacia leucophloea and Euphorbia cyathophora leaves, and to evaluate their antibacterial efficacy. Methods: Leaves of both plants were extracted using ethanol and petroleum ether. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, and saponins predominantly in ethanolic extracts. Liposomes were prepared and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. The optimized liposomal formulation (F5) was incorporated into a topical gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties, spreadability, and antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The ethanolic extract yields were 2.31% for A. leucophloea and 2.16% for E. cyathophora. Formulation F5 showed the smallest particle size (42.53 nm), suitable zeta potential (-13.8 mV), and spherical morphology. The liposomal gel exhibited a pH of 6.8, viscosity of 1549 ± 0.26 cps, and good spreadability (34.26 g·cm/sec) without...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Objectives: A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of Dapagliflozin, Glimepiride, and Metformin Extended-Release (ER) offers a comprehensive strategy for Type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on glycemic control, reduction of cardiovascular (CV) risk, and improved adherence through decreased pill burden. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence and safety of this FDC in healthy Indian adult volunteers under fed conditions. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover bioequivalence study. Twenty-four healthy adult male subjects received either the test FDC tablet (Dapagliflozin 10 mg/Glimepiride 2 mg/Metformin ER 1000 mg) or the reference formulations Oxramet® XR (Dapagliflozin 10 mg/Metformin ER 1000 mg) plus Amaryl® 2 mg (Glimepiride) with a 7-day washout period. Plasma concentrations were measured up to 48 hours post-dose using LC-MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Bioequivalence was concluded if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for Cmax, AUC₀–t, and AUC₀–∞ were within the 80-125% range. Results: All subjects completed the study. The plasma concentration-time curves of the test and reference products were nearly superimposable. The 90% CIs for...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
This prospective observational study measures the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances in diabetes mellitus patients with co-morbidities who were under diuretic therapy. Further the levels of serum electrolytes and fasting blood glucose the patients were correlated with each other. Of all the 120 patients, 33.33% (40) were having diabetes with chronic kidney disease, 56.67% (68) were having diabetes with cardiovascular disease, 10% (12) were having diabetes with both comorbidities. Among them, 2.5% (3) were having hyperkalaemia, 14.17% (17) were having hypokalaemia, 10.83% (13) were having hyponatraemia, 5% (6) were having hypercalcaemia, 10% (12) were having hypocalcaemia, 2.5% (3) were having hyperchloraemia, 13.33% (16) were having hypochloraemia and 5.84% (7) were having hypomagnesaemia. 35.83% (43) were having no electrolyte disturbances. In diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease under furosemide, a negative correlation was observed between serum potassium and fasting blood glucose. A negative correlation was observed between serum potassium and fasting blood glucose. In diabetes mellitus patients with cardiovascular disease, on furosemide, a negative correlation was observed between serum potassium...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
The present study explored the phytochemical makeup, antioxidant potential, and chemical profile of three important Ficus species viz. Ficus hispida, Ficus semicordata, and Ficus racemosa. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of these species. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed notable levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins in all the species, with variations among the species contributing to the differences observed. An antioxidant activity study, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, revealed strong antioxidant potential, closely linked to the phenolic and flavonoid contents, highlighting the ability of these compounds to quench free radicals. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling revealed a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids and their esters, terpenoids, long-chain hydrocarbons, glycosides, and phthalate derivatives. Key compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid derivatives, phytol, squalene, and various alkyl esters were found. Many of these compounds are linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Differences in chemical profiles among the species offer insights into their unique medicinal uses. Overall, the...
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