Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
This study aimed to formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomes for sustained ocular drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability by increasing residence time in the eye. Niosomes were prepared via thin film hydration using Tween 80, 60, and 20 at three different concentrations, keeping cholesterol and drug ratios constant. These vesicles were assessed for drug encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release. Among the formulations, Tween 60-based niosomes in a 1:1 ratio with cholesterol (F4) showed superior drug entrapment and release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). F4 was incorporated into Carbopol 940 gel base to enhance ocular retention. The resulting gel demonstrated suitable viscosity, pH, and a mean vesicle size of 203.7 ± 1.3 nm with a PDI of 0.337 ± 0.2 and positive zeta potential, indicating uniformity and stability. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis confirmed the spherical shape of the vesicles. In-vitro release studies indicated zero-order kinetics, with the Higuchi model suggesting diffusion-controlled release. The Korsemeyer-Peppas model yielded an ‘n’ value above 0.5, indicating non-Fickian diffusion involving both diffusion and polymer matrix relaxation. Stability testing as per...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
Migraine treatment efficacy is often limited by conventional oral delivery systems. The objective of this study was to formulate and optimize a thermoreversible in-situ nasal gel of Rimegepant to provide extended drug release and improve therapeutic effectiveness. Rimegepant-loaded thermoreversible in-situ nasal gels were formulated using varying concentrations of Poloxamer 407 and Gellan Gum through factorial design. Formulations were characterized for physicochemical properties, thermal behavior (DSC), drug-excipient compatibility (FTIR), gelation characteristics, mucoadhesive strength, and ex-vivo permeation using goat nasal mucosa. The optimized formulation (KF8) exhibited ideal characteristics with gelation temperature of 35.23±0.45°C, gelation time of 9.76±1.4 seconds, viscosity of 51.76±0.96 m.Pa. s, and mucoadhesive strength of 6972.2±19.39 dyne/cm². DSC analysis confirmed drug purity (melting point 175.53°C) and compatibility with excipients. Ex- vivo studies demonstrated sustained drug release with 98.31±4.92% permeation over 10 hours, flux of 12.51 µg/cm²/h, and permeability coefficient of 0.00167 cm/h. The developed thermoreversible in-situ nasal gel demonstrates promising potential for efficient Rimegepant delivery, combining optimal gelation characteristics, sustained release, and warranting further clinical investigation for migraine...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
Ceiba pentandra is a plant in the African pharmacopoeia known for its antihypertensive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of an aqueous extract of leaves of Ceiba pentandra (AECp) in Wistar rats. To do this, rats made hypertensive, by subcutaneous injection of Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) dosed at 25 mg/kg of body weight (BW) associated with a 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) drink for three weeks, were used to determine systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and respiratory rate (RR) using a Contec 08A-VET type sphygmomanometer. Treatment of hypertensive rats for three weeks with AECp at 1000 mg/kg B.P. and Nifedipine, Captopril and Propranolol, all at 20 mg/kg B.P., promoted a highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction in PAS, DBP and RF of hypertensive rats. Analysis of biochemical markers revealed that AECp improved highly significantly (P ≤ 0.001) the levels of creatine kinase (CK-MB), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alamine amino transferase (ALT), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol in hypertensive rats. AECp also reduced...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2025 in |
Dermatological disorders are among the most common ailments seen in outpatient departments in India. Rational prescribing plays a critical role in ensuring safe and cost-effective therapy for such patients. This prospective observational study was conducted to analyse the prescribing patterns in the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital over a six-month period. A total of 210 prescriptions were evaluated based on demographic profile, common dermatological conditions, categories of drugs prescribed, route of administration, and adverse drug reactions. The majority of patients were aged between 30–39 years, with a male predominance. Tinea corporis was the most prevalent condition. Antihistamines and antifungals were the most commonly prescribed drug categories, while oral tablets were the most frequently used dosage form. Corticosteroids were prescribed in 49% of the cases. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 27% of patients, primarily presenting as itching and burning. This study highlights the importance of regular prescribing audits to ensure evidence-based and rational use of dermatological...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Introduction: In urothelial carcinomas, the degree of invasion plays a major role in prognostication and treatment assessment. In certain instances, evaluating invasion on standard histopathological sections may be challenging. Actin-bundling protein fascin is implicated in the migration of tumour cells and is expressed more intensely in invasive tumours. Objectives: To evaluate the expression of fascin-1 in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and correlate it with different grades of tumor and level of invasion and other clinicopathological parameters. Material and Methods: Observation study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethical committee. Fascin-1 immunoreactivity was studied in 45 confirmed cases of urothelial neoplasms using monoclonal antibody against fascin by immunohistochemistry. The extent, intensity, and combined immunoreactivity score of fascin-1 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity were evaluated semi quantitatively. Results: 29 cases (64.4%) had high grade urothelial carcinoma, 14 cases (31.1%) had low grade urothelial carcinoma, and two cases (4.4%) had papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) based on histological classification. In stage pTa were two cases (4.4%), of stage pT1 were...
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