Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to the inflammation of the colon and small intestine of the body, in which Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types of IBD. This article covers most of the information related to a drug delivery system for treatment regarding intestinal diseases more emphasized to inflammatory bowel diseases. Currently, using delivery systems for targeting drugs to colon are osmotic drug delivery system, chronotropic system, pulsinicap system, multiparticulate system, port system, COLAL-Pred system, gas empowered drug delivery system have included in this article. An approach for targeting drugs to the colon is a probiotic approach has also included in this article. These delivery systems are being used to improve the bioavailability of the poorly absorbed drug. The purpose of this review article is to study about techniques employed in colon targeting for the prevention and treatment of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Portulaca oleracea and Portulaca quadrifida have been used traditionally have been used for their pharmacological properties and consumed as a part of the diet. Anti-oxidative property of phytochemicals might play a role in their observed benefits, and phenolic compounds are known to be the major contributors towards the anti-oxidant property of phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to quantify the total phenolic content of extracts obtained by microwave extraction of these plant species using a validated technique. The plant species were collected and authenticated. Microwave-assisted extraction of separate plant parts using different solvents was carried out. The total phenolic content was measured using a modified Folin-Ciocalteau method, and the method was validated for linearity, range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, and precision. Amongst the tested extracts, the ethanolic extract of P. oleraceae seed contained the highest amount of total phenolic compounds. The stated method for quantifying total phenolic compounds was found to be precise and reliable, and the further study of the anti-oxidant property of these...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Sida acuta is one of the medically active plants used for the treatment of multifaceted diseases. However, an elaborated investigation on the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant is yet to be deciphered. So, in this quantification of phytochemicals, in-vitro free radical scavenging activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in the fresh leaves, HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis in the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves were done. In-vitro antioxidant activities were assayed using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferric ions, while ascorbic acid is used as the standard. The results indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids in a reasonably good amount which has substantiated the results of HPTLC. All the tested antioxidants were present prominently in the leaves, specifically catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which may be responsible for the prominent radical scavenging tendency of the extract against the tested free radicals. The GC-MS analysis observed the presence of 35 different compounds each belonging to different classes such...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
This study reports the potential of Alternanthera sessilis leaves as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent and also the characterization of a novel phytochemical from A. sessilis using bio-activity guided extraction. Antimicrobial property was studied against five bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli (MTCC: 1687), Bacillus cereus (MTCC: 0430), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC: 7028), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC: 3160), Proteus mirabilis (MTCC: 3310) and against two fungal pathogens, Aspergillus niger [MTCC 281] and Aspergillus flavus [MTCC 10938]. Petroleum ether extract of A. sessilis leaves demonstrated significant antimicrobial property and hence was further purified to identify its active phytochemicals. Silica-gel Column Chromatography followed by antimicrobial screening, lead to the identification of the active fraction, that was characterized by spectroscopic analyses. FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR (C13, and DEPT-45; 90; 135) analysis of the active fraction, characterized the phytochemical to be 3,3’-(propane-2, 2-diyl)-bis-(3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-isochromene) abbreviated as PDHC. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of PDHC due to novelty in its chemical structure. In-silico molecular docking was performed for this identified compound to identify...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of production of xylanase by a fungal strain Penicillium sp. isolated from decaying wood. Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes produced by many microorganisms which catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan polymer to xylose monomer. The xylanase production was carried out under submerged fermentation xylose as the main substrate, and the enzyme yield was regularly monitored. Maximum xylanase production was observed on the 4th day of incubation with 123.1 U/ml. The protein secretion was high on the 6th day with 787 μg/ml; total sugar was on the 7th day of incubation (982 μg/ml). Among natural substrates used in this study, corn cobs amended medium had yielded more xylanase production by Penicillium sp. after 6 days of incubation (167.2 U/ml) followed by sawdust and rice bran (128.1 and 120.8). The crude enzyme was used in bleaching of paper pulp and in biobleaching sample kappa number was reduced from 23.1 to 20.8 and brightness was increased to 40.1 from 39.2. It was also...
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