Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Preformulation is a group of studies that focus on the physicochemical properties of a new drug candidate that could affect the drug performance and the development of a dosage form. This could provide important information for formulation design or support the need for molecular modification. Every drug has intrinsic chemical and physical properties which has been consider before development of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drugs combination with pharmaceutical ingredients in the fabrication of dosage form. Objective of preformulation study is to develop the elegant, stable, effective and safe dosage form by establishing kinetic rate profile, compatibility with the other ingredients and establish Physico-chemical parameter of new drug substances. Among these properties, drug solubility, partition coefficient, dissolution rate, polymorphic forms and stability are plays important role in preformulation study. Polymorphism having crystal and amorphous forms shows different chemical physical and therapeutic description of the drug molecule. This article explains some properties and techniques for preformulation evaluation parameters of...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Objective: To develop and validate a novel and easy first order derivative spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of multicomponent dosage form which contains Methylcobalmine, Alpha lipoic acid and Pregabaline. Method: Measurement was achieved by selecting different Zero crossing points i.e ZCP for Methylcobalamine and Alpha lipoic acid at 436.24 nm, ZCP for Alpha lipoic acid and Pregabalin at 338.0 nm and ZCP for Pregabalin and Methylcobalmin at 307.03 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guideline. The proposed method was applied for quantification of all three drugs in the marketed formulations. Results: The method was found linear in the range of 100-140µg/ml for Pregabalin,1-1.4µg/ml for Methylcobalmine and 130-170µg/ml for Alpha lipoic acid respectively. The co-efficient co-relation was found to be 99.5 % for Pregabalin, 99.56 for Methylcobalmine and 99.61 for Alpha lipoic acid. The accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, precise, rapid and cheap. The proposed method can be used for analysis of multicomponent marketed...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
The living organisms of the aquatic ecosystem have been directly affected by the accumulation of the heavy metals in the aquatic environment 1. Fishes are very good biosensors of aquatic contaminants and as bio-indicator species respond with great sensitivity to changes in the aquatic environment. Copper will accumulate in many different organs in fish and mollusks. In the present study the acute toxicity of copper sulphate was analyzed by the exposure of the copper sulphate to the fresh water fish Grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in the concentration of (3ppm/l for 15 days). The vital organs like Gill, Liver, and muscle tissues showed pronounced effect on the activity of enzymes. Copper sulphate administration decreases the activity of the antioxidants SOD (superoxide dismutase), and CAT (catalase), and the activity of the enzymes GPx (Glutathione peroxidase), GR (Glutathione reductase), GSH (Reduced Glutathione) to the significant level in all the tissues. The level of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was increased in all the tissues compared to the control group. The decreased activity of antioxidants...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
A series of discrete mononuclear lanthanide(III) complexes of H2L1 [Ln(H2L1)(NO3)2]NO3.nH2O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Y; n = 1 for Ce; n = 2 for La, Sm, Gd and Y; n = 3 for Pr, Nd, Eu, and Tb) have been prepared by the condensation of Schiff-bases with the precursor compounds namely, 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol, 1,5-diamino-3-azamethypentane and 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine. All the mononuclear complexes have been prepared in situ by the step-wise condensation from the precursor compounds. The phenolate oxygen atom of the nucleating ligand behaves as a bridging group between the metal. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Visible, ESI mass spectra and magnetic studies. The yield of these complexes increases from lighter lanthanides to heavier lanthanides. The fluorescence studies were carried out for europium and terbium complexes. The results of elemental analysis of the complexes are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The complexes are soluble in methanol, chloroform, DMF, DMSO, and CH3CN. Conductivity studies reveal that all the complexes are 1:1...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Snakebite is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is one of the major health problems in India. Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli) appears to be the commonest cause of fatal snakebite in many Asian countries and especially in the Indian subcontinent. Intravenous administration of anti venom serum neutralizes the systemic actions, but it is of little effect on the reversal of local symptoms and often induces adverse reactions, a context that drives the search for complementary treatments for snakebite accidents. Plant extracts with a range of antiophidian activities constitute an excellent alternative. The methanolic extracts of seeds of Pongamia pinnata, fruits of Piper longum and Sapindus laurifolius and leaves of Adhatoda zeylanica were tested for the snake venom neutralizing capacity using in vitro methods. The venom of Daboia russelii (Russell’s viper) was used to evaluate the antivenom activity of these extracts individually and in combinations. The parameters assessed were the neutralization of procoagulant activity, proteolytic activity and phospholipase A2 activity. All the extracts studied exhibited significant activity in...
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