Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Antiretroviral therapy for decades is the appropriate treatment for infected populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, it is associated with complications that affect the organism infected. The combination of antiretroviral therapy and pregnancy degrades iron metabolism. This work aims to evaluate and characterize the impact of the interaction between antiretroviral therapy and different stages of pregnancy in women of Abidjan on all biological indicators of iron status. The conducted investigations were a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analytical and case-control study. They concerned 275 women of reproductive age in all trimesters of pregnancy and in consultation to integrated center for bioclinical research of Abidjan (ICBRA). These women were divided into two groups: 135 pregnant women infected with HIV without antiretroviral therapy as controls and 140 pregnant women infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. All biological indicators of iron metabolism were determined either by colorimetric or immunoturbidimetric assays through blood samples from each pregnant woman or by calculation. The Student t test, factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two factors and...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Solutions properties of sapide molecules provide fundamental information on type (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) and degree of hydration. Physico-Chemical properties like intrinsic viscosity, Apparent Specific Volume (ASV) and related parameters for bitter molecule (nicotine) and bitterness inhibitors (carbohydrate sweeteners, artificial sweeteners) and their mixtures were determined to study the role of water structure in the mechanism of unpleasant taste inhibition. The hydrophobicity of bitter molecule (nicotine) is manifested by ASV value of 0.920 cm3g-1 obtained in artificial buffered saliva (pH »8.2). Under these conditions nicotine (3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine is in neutral form, the most potentially hydrophobic. Experimental results indicate that viscometric constant (intrinsic viscosity [ƞ], Huggins constant k’, B coefficient) could discriminate between different sapid molecules tested at our laboratory. The ASV value of carbohydrate sweeteners falls within the sweet region. The bitterness of nicotine is manifested by ASV as high as 0.920 cm3g-1, which falls in the bitter region. Solution properties also determined for sweet-bitter mixtures validate an improvement in the fitting of solute molecules with solvent structure through the decrease...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the overall health of the patients leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) have been the standard of care for the treatment of such patients since last 20 years. These agents have the potential to increase mean haemoglobin levels in both pre dialysis and dialysis maintenance phases hence lowering the cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality. After epoetin and darbepoetin, Peginesatide, a novel pegylated erythropoietin (EPO) mimetic agent has recently been approved in March, 2012. Its better stability, once a month administration and non-immunogenicity makes this a preferable ESA. This review will elucidate the available evidence on efficacy and safety of this drug after analyzing various studies conducted in patients with renal anaemia. Searches of Pubmed, Cochrane database, Medscape, Google and clinicaltrial.org were made for terms like peginesatide, CKD, ESA and renal...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Dendrimers are highly branched and reactive three-dimensional macromolecules, with all bonds emanating from a central core. Compared with traditional linear polymers, Dendrimers have much more accurately controlled structures, with a globular shape, a single molecular weight rather than a distribution of molecular weights, and a large number of controllable ‘peripheral’ functionalities. All these versatile features of dendrimers have made their application in various areas like Biomimetic, Pharmaceutical drug delivery, Gene delivery, Chemotherapy and Diagnostics very attractive. This review briefly discusses different types of dendrimers with their structures and their methods...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
From this article, we get the knowledge about the transdermal patch, transdermal drug delivery system and anatomy of the skin. Now-a-days transdermal drug delivery, system is widely used in much disease. So, this article gives the knowledge about pre transdermal system, post transdermal drug delivery system and future of transdermal drug delivery systems and examines the benefits and limitations of current transdermal drug delivery system. We also get information about different drugs’ transdermal patch which was approved by FDA in different years. There is a difference in design of transdermal patch in which mainly design of liquid reservoir system and adhesive matrix system and system how it works. Here in first generation, mainly reservoir system is used, while in second generation mainly iontophoresis and chemical penetration enhancers can be used however in third generation thermal ablation as a penetration enhancer can be used. These all designs include in different generation which shows what is the novel approach occurs as the time gone. So, these guide to basic and modified...
Read More
