Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Drug addiction represents one of the major medical, social, and economic burdens of human behavior. Opioids are powerful relievers; use of opioids for the treatment of pain has been associated with the potential disadvantages including development of tolerance, dependence. There are seven stages involved in opioid addiction. Identification of glial-mediated mechanism inducing opioid side effects includes cytokine receptor, κ-opioid receptor, NMDA receptor and toll like receptor (TLR). Glial activation through TLR leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines acting on neurons which is important in the complex syndrome of opioid dependence and withdrawal. Moreover, newer agents targeting these glial cell activation such as AV411, AV33, SLC022 and older agents for other diseases conditions such as minocyclline, pentoxifylline, all show varied but promising profiles for providing significant relief from opioid side...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
A reversed-phase-liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of Paracetamol (PCM) and Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (DICY) in their bulk drug and marketed formulations. A reversed-phase C-18 Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5μm) with mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: Phosphate Buffer pH (5.5): triethylamine (75:25:0.02 v/v/v) was used with 1.0 ml/ min flow rate and detected at 218 nm. The retention times of Paracetamol and Dicyclomine Hydrochloride were found to be 2.65±0.3 min and 11.32±0.3 min, respectively. Developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. Linearity was observed at concentration range of 100-500 µg/ml for Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and 10-50 µg/ml for Paracetamol followed by Beer’s law. The % recoveries of Paracetamol and Dicyclomine Hydrochloride were found to be between 101.05-101.20% and 100.55-100.95%. The percentage RSD for the method precision was found to be less than 2%. The proposed method is precise, accurate, selective and rapid for simultaneous determination of Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Boswellia serrata Roxb. is known as kundur in Unani medicine, belongs to the family Burseraceae. The plant is widely distributed in India, it occurs in dry hilly forests of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Assam, Orrisa, central peninsular regions of Andhra Pradesh etc. In ancient times Hindus, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, Chinese, Greeks and the people of old American civilization used its resin primarily for embalming and for its incense in cultural functions. This herb is mentioned in traditional Unani texts as an effective remedy for bronchitis, asthma, cough, cardiovascular diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, ringworm, boils, fevers (antipyretic), skin and blood diseases, mouth sores, vaginal discharges, etc. The qualitative phytochemical study of this plant extract indicates the presence of tannin, pentosans, lignin, holocellulose, β-sitosterol, and both volatile and non-volatile oils. The volatile oils of resin such as cadinene, eleneol, gereniol, linalool, β-pinene, phenols, terpenyl acetate, bornyl acetate etc and non votalie oils like diterpene alcohol serratol, α- and β-amyrin and eight triterpenic acids, viz., Boswellic acid. It chiefly possesses anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory,...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Schiff base thiosemicarbazones (L1) and semicarbazones (L2) derived from pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic suscepectibility measurements, mass, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies. The molar conductance measurements of the complexes in DMSO determine the non-electrolytes and electrolytes nature of the complexes based on their molar conductance value as higher value indicates the electrolytes nature of the complexes and lower value of the molar conductance indicates the non-electrolytes nature of the complexes. On the basis of spectral studies an octahedral geometry may be assigned for Ni(II) complexes except [Ni(L1)2](NO3)2 which are of tetrahedral geometry. A tetragonal geometry may be suggested for Cu(II)...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Solid dispersions, defined as the dispersion of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient in a carrier at solid state and an efficient technique to improve dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their bioavailability. Poor water solubility is one of the major problems for the various types of drugs and various approaches have been introduced for the enhancement of solubility of such drugs. The solubility behaviour of drugs remains one of the most challenging aspects in formulation development. The number of poor water soluble compounds has dramatically increased. Currently only 10-12% of new drug candidates have both high solubility and high permeability. More than 60-65% of potent drug products suffer from poor water solubility. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means for improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. Compared to conventional formulations such as tablets or capsules, solid dispersions which can be prepared by various methods have many advantages. Few of the aspects are to be considered for...
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