Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Stomach specific drug delivery system has occupied importance due to requirement of drug for local action and for those drugs that remains unaffected due to action of gastric fluid. Oral rout is considered most natural, unpredicted, and safe due to its ease of administration, Patient acceptance and convenience. Oral controlled release delivery systems are programmed to deliver the drug in predictable time frame that will increase the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects and increase the bioavailability of drugs. In Stomach specific drug delivery system gastric retention can be achievedby forming bioadhesive system, swelling and expanding system, floating system and high density systems. In fact the buoyant dosage unit enhances gastric residence time (GRT) without affecting the intrinsic rate of emptying and gives prolonged effect of drug. Systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and reduces dosing time. In this review various types of stomach specific dosage form and their in-vitro and in-vivo parameters for evaluation...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Poorly water soluble drugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Any drug to be absorbed must be present in the form of an aqueous solution at the site of absorption. Most of the drugs are weakly acidic and weakly basic with poor aqueous solubility. Hence various techniques are used for the improvement of the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs include micronization, chemical modification, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, co‐solvency, micellar solubilization, hydrotropy etc. The purpose of this work was to describe the enhance solubility of rifampicin by using solid dispersion technique and Physical mixture with PEG6000. Here drug and carrier ratio 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:10 respectively. The prepared samples were evaluated by SEM, Drug content, In-vitro studies, Wettability and Solubility, IR studies, Angle of repose. In-vitro drug release showed fast and complete release over a period of 2hrs...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Phellinus and Ganoderma are a folk medicinal, wood inhabiting fungus, recently been studied for its pharmacological activities. In the current study, Acetone, Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from species of Phellinus and Ganoderma. The active compounds of acetone and methanol extracts have the same polarity but they show different activity. The antimicrobial assay showed zone of inhibition against different strains of Acinetobacter and acetone extract gave best results. Therefore, the extract of Phellinus may contain different bioactive compounds like sesquiterpens, triterpens etc that may act on Acinetobacter. A significant broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity from Phellinus spp. was revealed through the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Candida albicans is one of the most important fungi associated with oral candidiasis and the treatment of this fungi is a serious problem today because of the resistance of these fungi against conventionally used drugs. So, there is an urgent need of alternative antifungal substances especially from the natural sources. The study was conducted to examine the MFC and time kill activity of two stilbenes [3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene (1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (2)] purified from a bacterium associated with entomopathgenic nematode against C. albicans. The activity was also compared to amphotericin B. The cytotoxicity of stilbenes was also tested against normal human cell lines (L231 lung epithelial and FS normal fibroblast). Results showed that stilbenes was effective against C. albicans with MIC and MFC of 64 and 128 µg/ml for compound 1 and 32 and 64 µg/ml for compound 2. The time kill assay of stilbenes against C. albicans was more effective than amphotericin B. No cytotoxicity was recorded for stilbenes upto 200 µg/ml. The strong antifungal activity and low...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Malaria caused mostly by P. falciparum and P. vivax, remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. The numbers of antimalarial drugs in use are very small. Drug toxicity must be acceptable to patients and should cause less harm than the disease itself. Assessment of hazard and risk varies throughout drug development as more persons are exposed for longer periods of time and more nonclinical information on the hazard is collected and evaluated. Cancer risk for human pharmaceuticals is important because drugs are taken at pharmacologically active doses and often on a chronic basis. Epidemiologic studies on patient populations have limited value because of the long latency period for most cancers and because these studies lack sensitivity. Besides the mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing of antimalarial drugs as a part of pre-clinical trials, there are several literatures confirming the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of marketed antimalarial drugs. Genetic abnormalities may also play a part in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions to drugs. In this paper, a...
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