Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
New simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed and described for the determination of carisoprodol in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of coloured chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of carisoprodol with triphenyl methane dyes viz., bromocresol green (BCG), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 420, 417 and 413 nm with use of BCG, BTB and BPB respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex in three cases is found to be 1:1. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges: 2.5-25, 2.5-30 and 3.0-30μg/ml with BCG, BTB and BPB respectively. The effect of concentration of dye, pH and interference of excipients have been studied and optimized. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined for all the three methods. These methods have been validated as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and have been applied to the determination of carisoprodol in commercial tablets and results of analysis were validated...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection and diabetic foot infection. Since cephalexin is not available as topical formulation, cephalexin was formulated into nanosponge loaded hydrogel as it can enhance skin permeation. Nanosponges of cephalexin were prepared using hydroxyl ethyl cellulose and poly vinyl alcohol by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The particle size and entrapment efficiency was found in the range of 200- 400 nm and 88.5%- 95.6% respectively. Based on the characterization, nanopsonges with high entrapment efficiency and least particle size (NS2) was selected for hydrogel formulation. Five different formulations of hydrogels were prepared by using carbopol 934 with varying concentration of penetration enhancer (propylene glycol) and various evaluation studies were carried out. The in vitro release studies revealed that the formulation with higher concentration of penetration enhancer (15% propylene glycol) showed greater drug release. From the kinetic study, the best linearity was found with first order and Higuchi’s equation. The permeation studies...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Drynaria quercifolia rhizome at different concentrations (100, 200 and 300µg/ml) were studied in various in vitro models. Results were compared with standard ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity of extract was increased with the increasing concentration. The order of antioxidant potential according to models were found to be highest in nitric oxide scavenging activity followed by total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. IC50 values were found to be 180, 230, 230 and 240µg/ml respectively in nitric oxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant assay, reducing power assay, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. In conclusion, the results of present analysis demonstrated that Drynaria quercifolia rhizome possess potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a viable source of natural...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Yogaraja guggulu a poly herbal formulation, consisting of 29 ingredients, has been used for the neurological, musculoskeletal disorders and in general practice, used for osteo arthritis. In vitro antiarthritic activity is done against pathogens which also include septic arthritis causing microorganisms. This study focused on determining antimicrobial efficacies of methanol (A), ethylacetate (B) and hexane extracts (C) of the Yogaraja guggulu by measuring the zone of inhibition. In vitro antioxidant activities were also assayed by 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Antimicrobial activity was tested against the pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococci bacteria; Pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida bombi, Candida utilis and Trichophyton rubrum. In these three extracts methanol extract (A) showed better zone of inhibition (19-50 mm) when compared with ethyl acetate (B) and hexane (C) (9-40 mm) and (9-45 mm) respectively, against the tested pathogens. DPPH antioxidant activity of all the three extracts showed potent radical scavenging activity in comparison with the positive control,...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Turmeric is a spice obtained from the dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa, family Zingiberaceae. It has been extensively used in traditional Indian (Ayurveda) and Chinese medicine for various ailments such as anti-inflammatory, blood purifier and even as a cosmetic. Curcumin, the chief constituent in turmeric has been isolated centuries ago, has been found to have a wide range of pharmacological actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and much more. Thus curcumin and its analogues have immense therapeutic potential for use in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HIV-I and Alzheimer’s disease. Phase I clinical studies have shown that high doses of curcumin is well tolerated in man. Despite its safety, curcumin still evades clinical use due to poor bioavailability. Novel formulations of curcumin with piperine, soluble fibres of fenugreek, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, cyclodextrin and turmerone have shown enhanced bioavailability to some extent, each one having its own limitations. Recent formulation of curcuminoid with 45% turmerone seems to be promising. Further research in this direction is imperative...
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