Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Present work has been undertaken to establish the necessary pharmacognostic standards and phytochemical evaluation of roots of Acacia catechu Willd. Various morphological parameters of fresh as well as shade dried form of the roots were studied. Microscopy shows the presence of medullary rays, starch grains, pith, phloem fibres, cork cells and xylem cells. Physico-chemical constants such as Fluorescence analysis of root powder and extracts, ash values, loss on drying, extractive value, swelling index, percentage extractive values for successive extracts, consistency and color of different extracts under ordinary and UV light were evaluated. Phytochemical screening of total ethanolic and aqueous extracts shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponin glycosides, & reducing sugars. HPTLC was carried out for quantification of quercetin in ethanolic extract of the roots of A. catechu Willd. It was concluded that plant contains various phytochemicals; among these tannins and flavonoids are its main...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Simple, linear and accurate method was developed for the quantification of Z-isomer impurity and 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde intermediate in entacapone active pharmaceutical ingredient by using high performance liquid chromatography. Separation between impurities and Entacapone was achieved on Phenomenox Kinetex C18, (100 x 4.6) mm, 2.6 micron column. Mobile phase consisted of 0.1% Orthrophosphoric acid in water: Methanol in ratio 58:42:0.1 in isocratic mode for RSD of standard. Gradient method was used for sample preparation and blank with flow rate of 0.8 ml/min at 300 nm and column oven temperature at 50°C. RSD for standard preparation under system precision and percentage recovery was observed with in acceptance range. RSD for retention time was observed 0.05% which shows reproducibility during replicate injections. Limit of detection and limit of quantification was achieved at 0.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm level respectively which indicates the lowest level of detection and quantification. The linearity range was achieved from 0.2 ppm to 0.75 ppm level for entacapone, Z-isomer and intermediate. The method was applied for quantification of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Workers engaged in tyre retreading face the possibility of occupational exposure to benzene and toluene as these are used as solvents and glue. Exposure to these solvents in other industries has been aptly described in several reports. Considering important from public health point of view, a study on biological monitoring of benzene and toluene exposure in tyre retreaders was performed Urine samples were analyzed for the metabolites of benzene and toluene viz. phenol and hippuric acid respectively. The information like smoking, alcohol intake, age and duration of job was sought after personal interviews. Results showed, that population of smokers excreted less phenol but high hippuric acid in comparison to non smokers. Alcohol intake inhibited the metabolism of benzene and toluene. Excretion of phenol and hippuric acid was lower in alcoholics than non alcoholics. Age also affected the excretion of phenol. It was found to be lowest in the age group of 30-40 years. Excretion of phenol was lowest in workers having the work experience of 16-20 years, whereas, excretion...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Herbal medicine is gaining popularity once again and there is an increased interest in green medicine simply because it is considered as safe. Traditionally also plants and plant extracts were used to cure many diseases and disorders. However, before usage it is of utmost important to ensure its safety. The extract may be therapeutically very efficient but if it’s toxicity assessment is not worked out, it will not be accepted. Hence, toxicity assessment of plants with proven therapeutic use is of utmost important. Toxicity data are required to predict the safety associated before the use of medical products. In the present review, parameters required to be analyzed in acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity are discussed with their relevant importance. In the end ninty eight plants whose toxicity is worked out are listed along with their botanical name, family, ethnomedicinal uses, part used, solvent used, safety levels, dose levels used, route of administration, LD50 values and references. Researchers who wish to work on some pharmacological activity can directly choose...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Zopiclone belongs to a class of medicines commonly called Z-drugs. It is a novel hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. Its mechanism of action is based on modulating benzodiazepine receptors. A Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of zopiclone in bulk and tablet dosage form. Chromatography was achieved using a Waters X Bridge C18 column (50 x 2.1 mm, 5μ) eluted with a mixture of mobile phase composed of ammonium bicarbonate (5mM, neutral) and acetonitrile in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection of eluent from the column was detected using photo diode array detector (PDA) at 214nm. The stability indicating assay method was developed and validated as per the ICH guidelines using the required parameters. Linearity was observed within the concentration range of 50-300μg/ml with coefficient of correlation 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 9.416μg/ml and 28.534μg/ml, respectively. The mean recovery was found to be...
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