Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Background: Nephrotoxic Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Acute exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs requires early appraisal of the extent of renal injury to determine the need for specific interventions. Hence this study was designed to evaluate two urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AKI due to cisplatin chemotherapy, including Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and Cystatin C (uCysC). Methods: Urinary biomarker levels in cisplatin treated cancer patients were estimated before and at 2hrs, 6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs after cisplatin administration. Diagnostic performances of biomarkers were studied by ROC analysis with AUC and predictive values. Results: uNGAL was identified as the earlier biomarker of AKI induced by cisplatin as it detected kidney injury as early as 2hrs after the exposure of nephrotoxic drug with an AUC of 0.8, which is 46hrs before the elevation of serum creatinine. uCysC detected AKI 6hrs after cisplatin administration with AUC 0.73. Conclusion: Indication of AKI by biomarker elevations can provide an early warning signal...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
The selected theories are based on studies investigating the possible role of stress hormones and cytokine; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); glutamate; monoaminergic transmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine; omega-3 fatty acid; T-cell; β-endorphine; synaptic plasticity; endocrine system and endocannabinoids in the pathophysiology of depression. Because all theories of depression apply to only some types of depressed patients but not others, and because depressive pathophysiology may vary considerably across the course of illness, the current extant knowledge argues against a unified hypothesis of depression. As a consequence, antidepressant treatments, including psychological and biological approaches, should be tailored for individual patients and disease states. Individual depression hypotheses based on neurobiological knowledge are discussed in terms of their interest to both clinicians in daily practice and clinical researchers developing novel...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
In African traditional medicine, Ageratum conyzoides L. has been used as purgative, febrifuge, anti-ulcer and wound dressing. A. conyzoides contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a class of hepatotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic phytochemicals. This study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity of total alkaloids of A. conyzoides leaves by the alkaline-comet assay.The comet assay was done on human prostate cancer (PC3) cells and on mice PBMC cells. Our results have demonstrated that, in vitro, the hydroalcoholic extract (200 µg/mL) and total alkaloids (200 µg/mL) of A. conyzoides, which have shown the high cytotoxicity on PC3 cells with MTT assay, increased significantly (p<0.001) DNA damage index (DI) and DNA damage frequency (DF) of PC3 cells. The non-alkaloids and the methanolic extract of A. conyzoides had no effect on DI and DF. In vivo, the administration of total alkaloids of A. conyzoides at 750 mg/kg for 3 days increased significantly (p<0.01) the DI and the DF of mice PBMC cells. Thus, in this study, by in vitro and in vivo comet assay test, we have...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
The Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease is one of the most important target to highly active anti retrovirus therapy(HAART) for the treatment of all acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS). Protease inhibitor “Darunavir” is most recently included as a PI in the list of HARRT(highly active anti retrovirus therapy), more effective against mutant and wild type simultaneously of Protease with increased no. of H bonding then precursors approved by FDA, So herein we have taken Darunavir as a base structure for virtually identification of more/similar efficient drug like leads then Darunavir using ten different PDB structures (3EM6, 3OXW, 3BVB, 3CYW, 3D1Y, 4DQB, 4DQH, 4DQE, 4DQF, 4DQC & 3EKT) of Protease from PDB database ‘RCSB’ versus chemical compounds database ‘ZINC’ using Schrodinger and Discovery Studio software. Using molecular constraint search with similarity coefficient ‘Tanimoto’, 1,65,000 ligands were extracted and docking analysis were resulted some efficient in docking and in other computational medicinal parameters, we are reporting such lead molecules, and they may further undergo through high end extensive virtual investigation and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 16, 2014 in |
Blepharis is a genus belonging to family Acanthaceae. It is an Afro-asiatic genus comprising 129 species which occur in arid and semi-arid habitats. They are used for the treatment of a number of ailments. Anti-inflammatory activity was performed based on the folk lore information. The present study is aimed at the evaluation ofanti-inflammatory property of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth. and Blepharis molluginifoliaPers. whole plantby using Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. Ibuprofen is used as reference drug for comparison. HRBC method was selected for the in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory property because the erythrocyte membrane is analogous to the lysosomal membrane and its stabilization implies that the extract may as well stabilize lysosomal membranes. The results revealed that both Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth. and Blepharis molluginifoliaPers. have anti-inflammatory activity. Among the test samples tested for membrane stabilization, Blepharis maderaspatensis ethyl acetate extract showed better membrane stability with 323.3±15.7 IC50 (µg/ml), followed by with same...
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