Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
A respiratory tract infection (RTI) is defined as any infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Acute respiratory tract infection accounts for 12-35% of the in patients attendance in general hospital. A six months hospital based prospective observational study was carried out in the department of medicine at BTGH, Gulbarga. The aim of the study was to analyse the prescribing patterns of antibiotic in respiratory tract infection at medicine department. The study result showed that out of 90 patients, more prevalent LRTI were 86(95.5%), URTI were 4(4.5%) The COPD, pneumonia, asthma were more prominent among LRTIs, whereas pharyngitis and tonsillitis are prominent among URTIs. Results showed that for 90 patients 107 antibiotics were prescribed, most widely used antibiotics were penicillins + betalactams (38.31%). In our study the prescribers are relying upon higher antibiotics, this practise may lead to the antibioic resistance and other complications of antibiotic resistance. Prescription analysis shows the way towards rational use of drugs. Irrational drug use could also lead to ineffective and unsafe...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Impurity profiling is the process of evaluating data for the biological safety of an individual impurity. Impurity profiling has gained utmost importance due to the fact that unidentified impurities present in the pharmaceutical formulations may prove hazardous to human health on consumption. Impurities in pharmaceuticals are unwanted compounds that remain or those that are present during the formulation of drugs. A number of regulatory agencies like USFDA, ICH and Canadian Drug and Health Agency are emphasizing on the purity requirements as well as identification of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients. Impurity profiling, helps in the detection, identification, and quantification of various types of impurities present in pharmaceutical formulations. Identification of impurities can be done by using either chromatographic or spectroscopic techniques alone or by combination of both. A number of methods have been used for detecting and characterizing impurities using HPLC, HPTLC, AAS, TLC, etc. However the most exploited techniques used today for impurity profiling of drugs include LC-MS, GC-MS, NMR-MS, LC-MS-MS and LC-NMR. Therefore, this review focuses on...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Calcium accumulation and calcium overload in the intracellular organelles has been known to be the main reason for cellular abnormalities related to oxidative stress. The study deals with the effects of an important calcium channel blocker (CCB)amlodipine in countering the hypoxia induced oxidative stress, in vitro and in vivo. We examined the intracellular calcium changes along withReactive Oxygen Species(ROS), lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione levels(GSH). Amlodipine displayed its maximum efficacy in attenuating oxidative damage during hypoxic insult of 0.5% hypoxia for 24 hours at concentration of 12.5nM. Amlodipine was also found effective in controlling apoptosis by maintaining Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cox-2 and VEGF levels significantly offering neuroprotective activity in N2a cells.In hypobaric hypoxia subjected (25,000 ft, 280mmHg and 28ᵒC for 24 h) Sprague Dawley (S/D) rats, intracellular calcium levels were found to be lowered significantly in amlodipine treated group (10mg kg-1 body weight) when compared to control group. Vascular leakage and brain water content were also found to be significantly decreased upon treatment with amlodipine compared to control...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
Uvaria afzelii (UV) Sc Elliot (Annonaceae) locally is used in the treatment of kidney disorders, digestive problems, liver disorders, diabetes as well as gonorrhea. This study aims to investigate the possible hepatoprotective activities of the crude aqueous root extract of Uvaria afzelii against Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity with Silymarin being used as a reference standard. Twenty five (25) adult wistar rats were randomly assigned into a control group (A) and four treatment groups (B, C, D and E) each containing five rats (n=5/group). Animals in each group were allowed access to 200g/day growers’ mash and water ad libitum. Rats in the treatment groups were administered paracetamol orally at a dose of 800mg/kg body weight daily for fourteen days. Rats in group B were not pretreated while groups C, D and E rats were pretreated daily with 50mg/kg body weight of Silymarin, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight of crude aqueous extract of UV root respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the 15th day of the experiment and several serum markers, aspartate amino...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2015 in |
The present study reveals the chemical composition and mineral analysis of Curcuma amada, Alpinia nigra, Amomum gracile. They are belongs to the same family zingiberaceae. The result reveals; (a) alkaloid contains in Alpinia nigra (6.0mg/100gm), amomum gracile (0.6mg/100gm), Curcuma amada (4.280mg/100gm); (b) saponin contain in Alpinia nigra burtt(18.960mg/100gm), Amomum gracile (18.1mg/100gm) and Curcuma amada (21.22mg/100gm); (c) flavonoid contains in Alpinia nigra burtt (14.160gm/100gm), Amomum gracile (9.220mg/100gm) and Curcuma amada (8.400mg/100gm). The result of elemental analysis measure in ppb reveals; Alpinia nigra burtt contains iron (1.007 ± 0.001), Zn (0.408 ± 0.001), Cu (2.27 ± 0.08), Mo (0.011 ± 0.006), Cr (2.151 ± 0.0307) and Mn (0.013 ± 0.002), Amomum gracile was found to contains Fe (0.971 ± 0.046), Zn (0.414 ± 0.083), Cu (1.70 ± 0.03), Mo (0.013±0.004), Cr (5.091 ± 0.011) and Mn (0.015 ± 0.003) and Curcuma amada was found to contains Fe (0.954 ± 0.003), Zn (0.1764 ± 0. 0.005), Cu (1.80± 0.02), Mo (0.016 ± 0.008), Cr (1.643 ± 0.001) and Mn (0.014 ± 0.002)...
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