Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection which is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is next to AIDS and causes morbidity and mortality. These bacteria can stay in the host’s body for decades. In this article we have mentioned about the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis followed by the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis wherein the bacteria first enter to the lungs which then form into macrophages, these macrophages form into granulomas which get ruptured and enter the brain and then enter the subarachnoid space causing tuberculous meningitis. The current treatment methods available, their dosage forms and penetrance into the CSF is also mentioned. Usually, the first line drugs are used in combination to treat the disease but in the case of resistance second-line drugs are used. The duration of the treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Even though, there are many drugs available to treat the disease the amount of drug entering the brain is minimal due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). So, due to...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Simple, sensitive and selective methods are developed for the spectrophotometric determination of drugs, viz., Cetirizine hydrochloride, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Esmolol hydrochloride, Gemifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride based on their reactivity towards Chloramine-T (ChL-T). The method is based on the oxidation of drugs by ChL-T (Excess amount) in presence of acidic medium and estimating the amount of un-reacted ChL-T by Safranin-O (SO) dye at λmax 524 nm. The amount of ChL-T reacted is equal to the drug concentration in this method. The concentration of ChL-T is 10 µgmL-1 and Safranin-O Dye is 10 µgmL-1. The calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 2.5-17.5 µgmL-1 (CET), 5-35 µgmL-1 (DUL), 12-84 µgmL-1 (ESM), 10-70 µgmL-1 (GEM) & 2.5-17.5 µgmL-1 (MOX). This method has been applied for the determination of drugs in their pure form as well as in tablet formulations. The method has been validated in terms of guidelines of International Conference on...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Benzothiazole derivatives have a wide interest because of their diverse biological activities and clinical use. This bicyclic compound consists of a fusion of benzene nucleus with a five-membered ring comprising nitrogen and sulphur atoms. It is a vital Pharmacophore and privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and exhibits various useful therapeutic activities such as anti-tubercular, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, analgesic, neurodegenerative disorders, local brain ischemia, and central muscle relaxant activities. Moreover, it can be easily found in a range of marine or terrestrial natural compounds that have tremendous biological activities. Benzothiazoles have a promising biological profile and are easy to access which makes this pharmacophore an interesting molecule for designing new bioactive benzothiazole...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
The present investigation was carried out the effect of petrochemical effluent on hematological parameters in freshwater fish, Labeo rohita using the standard method. The petrochemical effluent has the potential to cause developmental effects in fish. Blood offers important profile to study the toxicological impact on animal tissues. Hematology is used as an index of fish health status under different stress conditions on exposure to pollutants. The fish Labeo rohita was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (30 ml/L) of petrochemical effluent for different h (24, 48, 72 and 96) and parameters like RBC, WBC, HB, MCV, MCH MCHC, PCV has been analyzed. All hematological parameters except WBC were found to be decreased from control, and the WBC was increased in all exposure periods indicating that test fish, Labeo rohita suffered hemolytic anemia and leucocytosis. Increase in time produced a declining value of RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH also exhibit the sub-lethal concentrations of the petrochemical...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
The current work is intended towards the development of a simple, rapid and precise UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin (ATR) and Clopidogrel (CP) present in the marketed formulation using UV simultaneous equation. Methanol was used as a solvent and the absorbance of the drug was measured at the absorbance maxima (λmax) of Atorvastatin & Clopidogrel, UV 246 nm & 202 nm respectively. Calibration curve plotted in concentration range 5-25 μg/mL exhibited an excellent linear relationship for both Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel. The method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guideline, such as accuracy (mean recovery = 99.97%), precision, and linearity (r2 = 0.9934). The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD in the favorable range indicating the sensitivity of the method towards analyte. This method can be effectively employed for the day to day analysis of both drugs in the capsule dosage...
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