Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Auricularia auricula-judae is a precious colloid fungus, widely used as a food supplement and medicine in Southeast Asian countries. The hot water extract of Auricularia auricula-judae was investigated for antioxidant efficacy and also determined the amount of phytochemical components such as total phenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was analysed by different in vitro assays namely, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical and OH (hydroxyl) radical scavenging assay, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, metal chelation and β-carotene bleaching assays. Total antioxidant capacity was determined using phosphomolybdenum assay. A. auricula-judae exhibited strong antioxidant activity in all the assays. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the concentrations tested and between the EC50 value of A. auricula-judae and standard antioxidants. Considerable amount of secondary metabolites like phenols and flavonoids were found in A. auricula-judae. The extract was shown to be very good scavengers of DPPH, OH radicals, reducer of ferric ions, and an excellent metal chelator. The antioxidant activity of A. auricula-judae was found to be dose-dependent. Therefore, it can be suggested that A....
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) of pharmaceutical bulk drug, four impurities were identified and were detected by a newly developed Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The R.S.D.’s for SM-I, SM-II, SM- III and SM were found to be 1.48%, 1.71%, 1.67%, 6.37% respectively. These values are within the acceptance criteria of 10%.The limit of quantification values for SM-I, SM-II and SM-III were found to be 0.006 %, 0.006 %, and 0.006 % w.r.t. analyte concentration (500 μg /cm3), respectively. For determining method accuracy, known as unclean LOQ, the specified limit of 80%, 100% and 120% of the SM bulk sample (test preparation) was pointed. For confirming method precision six different test preparations of samples of SM were analyzed. Identified impurities were characterized by LC/MS/MS method. Identified impurities were unknown. Structural determination of such impurities was carried out by LC/MS/MS using electro spray ionization source and an ion trap mass analyzer. Structural identification by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The method was validated according...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Intra nasal drug delivery system (INDDS) has emerged as a non- invasive alternative for delivering peptides, proteins and other therapeutic agents, specifically to CNS (Central nervous system). This route is well suitable for systemic delivery because of high vasculature, permeability, elimination of hepatic first pass metabolism and low enzymatic environment of the nasal cavity. This route of delivery is especially suited to treat CNS disorders like – neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunctioning etc., due to drugs ability to directly reach the brain by passing blood brain barrier (BBB). It is also a well suited delivery route for the biotechnological products like DNA plasmids, hormone, proteins, peptides, DNA vaccines to give enhanced bioavailability. A wide variety of therapeutic compounds may be administered intra-nasally for topical, systemic and CNS disorders. In this review, we have focussed on the nasal passage anatomical pathway leading to CNS drug delivery, different factors affecting nasal absorption, bioavailability barriers, vaccines and other therapeutic, biologically active molecules delivered via intra nasal route and strategies to improve...
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Posted by admin on Aug 22, 2016 in |
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ameliorative effect of curcumin against profenofos induced oxidative damage of renal tissue in mice. Animals were divided into four different groups namely Group-I (control mice; NC), Group-II (NC gavaged 100µl ethanol for 30 days; EC), Group-III (NC gavaged 25mg/kg b.w profenofos for alternate 30 days; PC) and Group-IV (PC treated with 120mg/kg b.w of curcumin daily till next 30 days; CurTPE). Electron micrographs of kidney and level of lipid peroxidase (LPO) were estimated to investigate the therapeutic potential against profenofos treated subjects. Histological analyses of PC showed hemorrhages of blood capillary, edema, necrosis and glomeruli shrinkage but CurTPE showed significant improvement, as compared to PC. Electron microscopic studies also revealed partly destruction of nucleus, mitochondrial membrane, cristae and formation of large vacuoles in cytoplasm but CurTPE showed recovery when compared to PC. It was observed that the damaging effects of profenofos on nucleus, mitochondrial membrane and cristae of renal tissues. It might be due to decrease in lipid concentration...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objectives: To obtain the data regarding the effects of melatonin on retention of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and on enhancement of serotonin mediated behavioural responses after electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration in rats. Methods: Forty rats after training for conditioned avoidance response by using Cook’s pole climbing apparatus were divided in four groups with ten rats in each group and treatment duration was kept for ten days in all the groups. 1) Control group- distilled water (2ml daily) 2) ECS pretreated group- single ECS daily (150 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal with intensity of 210 mA for 0.5 s through crocodile clip ear electrodes) 3) Melatonin group- melatonin suspension (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) daily 4) Test group- Single ECS daily + melatonin suspension one hour after ECS (10mg/kg/day, p.o.).Then percentage of retention of conditioned avoidance response and number of lithium induced head twitches were calculated in each group on day 11. Data was analysed by chi square and student unpaired t test. Results: Findings show that administration of single ECS daily for...
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