Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which can also be known as the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system in humans, is one of the significant elements in transplantation immunobiology due to their role in antigen presentation and immunity tolerance. Polymorphism in particular is one of the main characteristics of MHC that determines its role in donor-recipient matching, affecting the outcome of the transplantation process, which includes both solid organ transplantation and HSCT procedures. In regard to solid organ transplantation, for example, during kidney transplantation procedure, HLA incompatibility is a source of alloreactivity in the recipient’s immune system via either the direct, indirect, and semi-direct pathways leading to the rejection of transplanted organs in an acute and chronic manner. Another form of rejection that is mediated by antibody response to donor HLAs, as well as other antigens like MICA, is strongly related to the development of DSAs, particularly in case of prior sensitization. HLA compatibility is critical for successful transplantation in HSCT in order to avoid Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD), where even...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Hydrogels are sophisticated category of biomaterials that closely resembles the properties of living tissues. Various polymers have been studied for creating hydrogels that closely mimic the structure and function of the extracellular matrix. Proteins that can be easily modified, have specific biochemical effects, and respond to external stimuli are considered promising for making hydrogels used in biomedical applications. Among these proteins, natural milk proteins stand out due to their high availability, good quality control, low cost, and beneficial biological properties. As a result, they have become a key area of research. However, there is a lack of thorough reviews that specifically focus on milk protein-based hydrogels. In this review, we compile the progress in developing hydrogels based on milk proteins, with a main focus on hydrogels made from milk proteins. We explain the methods used to create these hydrogels and summarize recent advancements in their applications, such as controlled drug delivery and regenerative medicine, along with related preclinical animal studies and an initial clinical pilot trial. Finally, we explore...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
The standardization of Siddha formulations is a critical step for establishing consistent chemical profiles and ensuring quality control in the commercial manufacturing of herbal drugs. Vilvathy Legium is a Siddha polyherbal formulation in the Siddha Sastric textbook, Athmarakshamirtham Ennum Vaidhiya Sarasangiragam, authored by Kandhasamy Mudhaliyar and indicated for conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders and respiratory tract diseases. To ensure safety and therapeutic efficacy, the current study aimed to standardize Vilvathy Legium according to PLIM guidelines through organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical analysis, and safety testing. Safety assessments confirmed that heavy metals (Pb, Hg, As, Cd), microbial loads, and mycotoxins were well within permissible limits, while all targeted pesticide residues were below the limit of quantification. Preliminary HPTLC fingerprinting at 254 nm, 366 nm, and 580 nm identified distinct chemical peaks for phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins. This study provides quality-indicating physiochemical and chemical fingerprints necessary for the routine quality assurance of Vilvathy...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
The current study aims to assess whether circulating levels of 25(OH) D are related to insulin resistance in PCOS individuals, or whether this association is confounded by other pathophysiological factors related to the syndrome. This cross-sectional study included 151 women who were diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam consensus, recruited from a tertiary healthcare center in South Gujarat, India. Data collection encompassed anthropometric parameter (BMI and WC) and biochemical indices (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum 25(OH)D levels). Vitamin D levels were used to classify participants into three distinct categories: deficiency (serum 25(OH) D level <20 ng/mL), insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D level 20–32 ng/mL), and sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D level>32 ng/mL). From the total participants, 115 (76.15%) exhibited suboptimal serum 25(OH)D levels. Insulin resistance is characterized by HOMA-IR value (>2.5) and QUICKI value (<0.349), was observed in 69.5% of the cohort. While a substantial proportion74.3% of individuals with low level of vitamin D also demonstrated insulin resistance. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a non-significant difference in IR across vitamin D...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Optimization of culture conditions to enhance bioactive metabolite production by Micrococcus antarcticus HC-2 was undertaken in this study. The culture broth, grown in Yeast Extract–Malt Extract–Dextrose (ISP-2) medium and extracted with Ethyl acetate exhibited high antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms, including Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. For efficient production of secondary metabolites, the optimal pH and temperature were found to be 7 and 30°C, respectively. Compared to other media, the Yeast Extract–Malt Extract–Dextrose broth produced a higher amount of bioactive metabolites. Studies on culture conditions revealed that maximum secondary metabolite synthesis was achieved when lactose (0.5%) and yeast extract (0.5%) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources,...
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