Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. has occupied a popular place in the indigenous system of folk medicine because of its high nutritional and antioxidant properties. The study aims to elucidate the extractive yield percentage and screen the seed extracts of watermelon using different solvents for its phytochemical profile. The solvents selected were Methanol, Ethanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, Acetone and Hot aqueous extracts. The shade dried powdered seed material was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using different solvents and Pressurized hot water extraction. The resultant extracts were concentrated and the preliminary screening for phytochemical profiling was carried out using standard laboratory protocols. Analysis of the extractive yield percentages using different solvent extracts and pressurized hot water extract showed hot aqueous seed extract to have the highest yield percentage. The seed extracts with different solvents and pressurized hot water extract were screened and tabulated with the presence and/or absence of various phytochemical constituents such as the primary metabolites and the secondary metabolites and various other bioactive elements which are thought to be...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Penicillin antibiotics have been the main-stay armamentarium in the fight against bacterial diseases due to their availability and ease of use. Penicillin resistance has been attributed to modification of penicillin-binding proteins, production of β-lactamases, overexpression of efflux pumps and reduced permeability. In the past 10 years, research was centred on Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The key determinant of resistance in MRSA strains is the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a). Currently, the production of β-lactamases by Gram-negative bacteria has garnered a degree of attention that seems to be rising rapidly. Gram-negative bacteria pose the greatest risk to public health because of the global emergence and spread of metallo-β-lactamases, including Imipenemase (IMP-types), Verona integrin-encoded-metallo-β–lactamases (VIM-types) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM-types). Not only is the increase in resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to beta-lactams faster than in Gram-positive bacteria, but also there are no current and developmental antibiotics active against metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. This review critically examines the current issues in beta-lactamases responsible for penicillins resistance in relation to the current clinically...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
A reverse phase liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) was developed to estimate the amount of Indapmide and Perindopril in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations. A Waters Alliance HPLC system equipped with auto sampler, UV-Visible detector and YMC Column (150 x 4.6mm, 3µ particle size) were used for the quantification of the drugs. Separation was carried out by using potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 2.5 and acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40 v/v as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and the detection was carried out at a wavelength of 230 nm. The retention time, tailing factor and USP theoretical plates were found to be 2.5 min., 1.38 and 2551 for Indapamide and 4.18., 1.75 and 2778 for Perindopril respectively. The area of the peak was proportional to the concentration of the drug in the range 15-35, 48-112 μg/ml of Indapmide and Perindopril. The values of LOD and LOQ for Indapmide and Perindopril were found to be 0.07, 27.87 and 0.23, 84.47 μg/ml respectively. The mean recoveries of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
In the present investigation, controlled release microparticles of Glimepiride were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using cellulose acetate as release retardant polymer. The microparticles were evaluated for In-Vitro release study and In-Vivo evaluation. The microparticles were subjected to In-vitro release studies by employing 7.8 pH phosphate buffer as dissolution medium. The rate of drug release from these microparticles followed zero order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was governed by peppas mechanism. The exponential coefficient (n) value indicating that drug release followed non fickian mechanism. The in vivo performance of pure drug and optimized Glimepiride microparticles were evaluated in rabbits in a randomized cross-over design. The estimation of glimepiride in serum was carried out by HPLC method. The parameters such as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time for peak plasma concentration (tmax), mean residence time (MRT) and area under curve (AUC0 – α) were significantly (P< 0.001) differed following glimepiride microparticles compared to pure drug administration. The relative bioavailability of glimepiride was increased about five fold after microparticles...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Recently white mulberry has attracted a lot of interest as source of bioactive constituents used in phytopharmacy and in functional food formulation. In practice, active compounds are separated from plant material by extraction process using different solvents and extraction conditions. The most commonly solvents used for extraction are water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, ether and their mixtures. The extraction yield can be improved by the use of high temperature, high pressure, pulse electric field, sonication and microwave treatment. The effects of solvent concentration, solvent/plant material ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time are here discussed. This review intends to summarize and discuss the biological activities of mulberry extracts with regards to prevention and treatment of civilization diseases. The effect of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glycosides, terpenoides, enzyme inhibitors and other substances on human health are presented. The mechanisms of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-microbial, and antidiabetic effects are here discussed. It has also showed the protective effect of active compounds isolated from white mulberry on cardio-vascular and neurodegenerative...
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