Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
Background: The limited evidence of the critical role of clinical pharmacists in Egyptian teaching hospitals led to the fact that critical care pharmacists’ responsibilities are still focused on dispensing and drug distribution. Objective: Assess the important role of clinical pharmacy service activities in an Egyptian intensive care unit (ICU) by describing the impact of medication errors on clinical outcome of critically ill-patients with renal insufficiency. Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was carried out over a five months period on patients admitted to ICU with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 50 ml/min on admission and known to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patient records, physician orders, pharmacy and nursing notes of 69 patients were collected and reviewed by a clinical pharmacist. Medication errors were assessed. Main outcome measure was Length of ICU stay and mortality. Results: One hundred and seventeen MEs were identified; prescribing errors (58.9%), wrong administration technique (17.9%), drug-preparation errors (11.9%) and monitoring errors (11.1%). Errors in renal dose adjustment were the most frequent prescribing errors...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Objective: Enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs is the most challenging aspects of drug development. It is very important to find appropriate formulation approaches to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Ezetimibe is a new lipid lowering agent in the management of hyper-cholesterolemia. The drug is water-insoluble, lipophilic, and highly permeable. Therefore, bioavailability of ezetimibe may be improved by increasing its solubility. Method: The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of Ezetimibe by preparing microspheres by spray drying technique using HP β-cyclodextrin. Ezetimibe microspheres containing different ratios of HP- β-cyclodextrin were produced by using Propanol and water (50:50) as a solvent system. The prepared formulations containing different ratios of Ezetimibe and HP β-cyclodextrinwere evaluated for solubility and in-vitro dissolution. The prepared formulations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution profile of the prepared spray dried microspheres was compared with...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Synthesis of new organometallic Schiff bases complexes with general formula [ML)xH2O] [where M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) Pd(II) and Pt(II), L=2,2′-{(1R,1′S)-1,1’Ferrocen-2,4-dien-1-yl-2,2′-diyl bis [(Z)methyl-ylidenenitrilo]}bis(3-iodophenol)] have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, Conductivity IR, UV-Visible, Mass spectra and TGA/DTA. Organometallic Schiff base is tetradentate and co-ordination through nitrogen of azomethine (>C=N-) and oxygen of Hydroxyl group. The complexes have octahedral geometry with six coordination number. Electronic spectra of the complexes were recorded and its parameters like Nephelauxetic effect (β), bonding parameter (b1/2) and Sinha’s parameter (δ %) are calculated. TGA and DTA results of [Pt (C24H16 FeI2N2O2).2H2O] and [Pd (C24H16 FeI2N2O2).2H2O] are reported, Complexes were losing weight due to exothermic and endothermic process. The mass spectra of prepared ligand (C24H18 FeI2 N2O2) and its complex such as [Mn (C24H16FeI2N2O2).2H2O] were used to compare their stoichiometric composition and it found that near about equal to the theoretical mass of the complex and prepared ligand. Synthesis of nanoparticles of OMNPs (organometallic Nanoparticles) of Cu(II) Complex with SEM and EDX were...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Eessential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity. This review article explains the antimicrobial reaction, application, effects, and characteristics of cinnamaldehyde. Amongst the different essential oils, Cinnamaldehyde is observed to be the most effective antimicrobial agent. The current studies on cinnamaldehyde in the field of microbiology have been highlighted. This review explains the different methods, those are used for antimicrobial evaluation. Additionally, the anti-physiologic effect of antimicrobial agents using microbial respiration rate is also...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is inflammation of the thyroid gland, which damages the gland’s cells. It can affect growth, cellular processes and many other body functions. As more damage accumulates, the risk of Hypothyroidism increases. In order to make an impact on Hypothyroidism, we must understand the molecular processes and structure-function relationships of TSH permitted better understanding of the role of specific protein and carbohydrate domains in the synthesis, bioactivity, and clearance of this hormone. Thyroid hormone receptor alfa-1 (THRA1) is an endocrine nuclear receptor that mediates the transcriptional effects of thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3). It acts as an agonist i.e. it stimulates the production of thyroid hormone by triggering a response in the cell, which is selected as target protein. The primary goal of the project was to unearth natural chemical compounds that can be used as an agonist (increase thyroid hormone level in patients) for the...
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