Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
The current research is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for synthesizing Flower silver nanoparticles [FAgNPs] and Stem silver nanoparticles [SagNPs] using an aqueous extract of flower and stem Leonotis nepetifolia, (L.) R. Br. (family: Lamiaceae), and to evaluate their antibacterial properties. The obtained sample of synthesized FAgNPs and SAgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, Zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction [XRD], Field Electron- scanning electron microscope [FE-SEM], and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR] analysis. The formation of FAgNPs and SAgNPs was confirmed by the observation of band between 300 nm to 700 nm UV–vis spectrum. The crystalline structure of FAgNPs and SAgNPs with a face- centered cubic (FCC) was confirmed by XRD. The responsible phytochemicals for the reducing and capping agents of FAgNPs and SAgNPs were observed with FT-IR spectra analysis. The FE-SEM monograph revealed the spherical shape and size of FAgNPs and SAgNPs. Hence synthesized AgNPs were found to be in nano size and stable. Furthermore, the biosynthesized FAgNPs and SAgNPs indicated adequate antibacterial activity against clinical pathogen,...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
It is leukaemia, where immature white blood cells keep growing at a very fast pace and disrupt normal blood production. While there are many advances in treatment, genetics diversity, drug resistant and technological limits remain. Likewise, such AI combined with multi dimension approaches (genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolism, and epigenetics) has altered leukaemia research. Divining the diagnosis, risk assessment and precise plan for effective treatment from vast amounts of data allowed by AI is possible. In addition, it shortens the time of diagnosis, predicts responses to therapy, and explains how it fails. By integrating AI into mitigation of CML, tyrosine kinase inhibitor is first identified and targeted therapy is guided by other key biomarkers. Same is the case for AML which is mitigated by CK inhibitors and FLT3 inhibitors. Interruption and identification of various pathways by metabolomics and proteomics provide new therapeutic targets. More and more clinical studies show that AI assisted multi-omics strategies add value in making personalized care, reducing relapse, and increasing survival. Since challenges such as data...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, with chemotherapy serving as a cornerstone of cancer treatment. While effective in targeting malignant cells, chemotherapy is associated with debilitating side effects, including cachexia a complex, multifactorial syndrome characterized by unintentional weight loss, muscle wasting, fatigue, and reduced physical function. This condition arises from cancer progression and chemotherapy-induced toxicity, compounded by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chemotherapy agents trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, and activate the ubiquitin-proteasome system, all of which contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. The resulting impairment in physical function, diminished treatment tolerance, and worsened prognosis significantly impact patient outcomes. Unlike general cancer-associated muscle wasting, chemotherapy-induced cachexia involves unique mechanisms, including the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by agents such as Cisplatin. Cachexia is further aggravated by side effects such as reduced appetite, nausea, and fatigue, leading to myosteatosis and deterioration in muscle mass and function. Current therapeutic approaches include pharmacological agents such...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
The objective of the present study was to develop a time-controlled floating pulsatile drug delivery system of Ritonavir (RIT), an antiviral drug with low oral bioavailability due to degradation by CYP3A4 enzymes, efflux by P-glycoprotein, and instability at alkaline pH. Ritonavir is primarily absorbed in the stomach; hence, a floating pulsatile release system was designed to enhance absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Core tablets of Ritonavir were prepared using different superdisintegrants and evaluated for in-vitro disintegration. The disintegration time varied from 21–44 seconds, with crosspovidone showing the fastest disintegration due to rapid water penetration compared with croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate. Since rapid disintegration is critical for burst release, the F3 formulation was selected for further studies. The rapid release core tablet (F3) was compression-coated with varying concentrations of HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M (P1–P9). Formulations with HPMC K100M (P7–P9) showed a lag time of 4–4.5 hours followed by sigmoidal release, achieving 100% drug release by 10–12 hours. Among these, P9 (core 100 mg + 180 mg...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic beneficial for the treatment of some bacterial infections. When orally administered it is slowly and scarcely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microspheres of Amoxicillin and produce sustained drug delivery. Microspheres can be manufactured from various natural and synthetic materials. In these 14 batches of Amoxicillin, microspheres were prepared using natural polymer Kondagogu gum and other ingredients by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for different parameters i.e % drug yield, % drug entrapment, shape, surface morphology, particles size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and in-vitro drug release for 48 hours in phosphate buffer 7.4. The best batch performed stability studies for 6 months. The research concluded that Amoxicillin microspheres could be an alternative for conventional dosage form and other phytochemical in herbs. The optimized formulation was found with significant loading...
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