Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2026 in |
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalance, ovarian dysfunction, and metabolic complications, significantly impacting women’s reproductive health and quality of life. It is mainly characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and hormonal dysfunctions, which canlead to infertility and metabolic difficulties such as type 2 diabetes. Even though traditional pharmacological treatments such as oral contraceptives and insulin-sensitizing agents are effective, they are usually associated with side effects and long-term complications. Phytotherapeutics have emerged as promising adjuncts in PCOS management. Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree), is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat reproductive disorders. Its bioactive constituents, particularly diterpenes, influence prolactin secretion and restore luteinizing hormone balance, thereby improving ovulatory function and alleviating symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, acne, and infertility. Recent evidence highlights its role in enhancing progesterone levels and supporting follicular maturation, positioning Vitex agnus-castus as a natural therapeutic candidate in PCOS care. This manuscript explores the pharmacological mechanisms, formulation strategies, and clinical relevance of Vitex agnus-castus within the broader framework of lifestyle disorder...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2026 in |
There are no recognized pharmacopoeial standards for the plant Syngonium wendlandii Schott, a member of the Araceae family. This study was conducted to evaluate potential pharmacological and physicochemical profiles and to generate comprehensive quality control measures in compliance with WHO guidelines (2002). To verify plant identity and quality, pharmacognostic evaluation was carried out using macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and fluorescent tests. According to preliminaryphytochemical screening, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates were found in the successive extracts, which were further evaluated for C and anti-inflammatory activity. The α-amylase inhibition assay was used to assess antidiabetic activity in-vitro, and the protein denaturation method was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity.Compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 100.98 ± 0.579 μg/mL), the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited notable α-amylase inhibitory activity, with an IC50of 133.52 ± 2.568 μg/mL. Comparable to acetylsalicylic acid (IC50 = 77.025 ± 0.335 μg/mL), the extract demonstrated a significant reduction in protein denaturation in the anti-inflammatory experiment, with an IC50 of 76.345 ± 0.025 μg/mL. Other extracts showed a...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Paalkurinji), a perennial herb of the Acanthaceae family, has traditional use in treating ulcers, diabetes, arthritis, and wounds. S. hamiltoniana leaves were extracted using ethanol, chloroform, and water, and screened for phytochemicals using standard protocols. LC-MS analysis was used to identify flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via DPPH, HRS, and FRAP assays, while anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the NO scavenging assay. Additionally, DFT (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) calculations and molecular docking were performed to investigate interactions with antioxidant-related proteins: monoamine oxidase-B, catalase, cytochrome P450, and NFE2-related factor 2. Based on the DPPH assay, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed 25.74% and 45.94% inhibition, while ethanol and methanol extracts exhibited higher inhibition at 89.10% and 86%. HRS ranged from 25.5% to 86.4%, with ethanol extract showing the highest activity (86.4%) at 300 μg/ml and an IC₅₀ of 25.54 μg/ml. All extracts were effective in the FRAP assay, with ethanol showing the highest activity (79.41%, IC₅₀ = 28.24 μg/ml). In the NO scavenging assay, ethanol again showed the strongest activity (80.41%, IC₅₀ = 26.26 μg/ml). Molecular docking revealed catechin had...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a multi-factorial neuropsychiatric disorder, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is a crucial for the metabolism of dopamine. It has been thoroughly investigated for its potential role in SCZ. At the same time; several variants in the COMT gene have been reported in diverse populations in South Karnataka but remain unexplored. Aim: To assess the novel variants related to the COMT gene and their correlation with SCZ symptoms and other health issues in patients. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 80 patients aged between 18 and 60 years; the results were compared with healthy controls of 80. The samples of blood were collected for the DNA extraction. PCR was used to amplify the COMT gene, followed by sequencing to identify variants. Standardized scales were used for gauging the severity of the symptoms. Results: Two novel changes in a single nucleotide (SNPs) (non-synonymous) were identified in the COMT gene in exon -4 of two female SCZ patients out of 80...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Drug Utilization Study offers useful methods for teaching and training in drug therapy. In our setting, there is no such study that describes the use of drugs post-operatively. As a result, this study was conducted to investigate the post-operative drug utilization pattern in indoor post-operative patients. Aim: To study the prescribing trends of drugs used in indoor adult post operative patients in general surgery unit. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in post operative patients in General Surgery wards and ICU for 12 months at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Results: Total 600 cases were studied. Majority of the patients managed were males (64.5%). Most of the patients were in 18-40 years age group (49.66%) and from rural background 69.33% (416). The most common surgical procedure performed was Appendicectomy (29%). A total of 4437 drug products were prescribed. Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter were 7.39±2.56. Only 41.08 % of the drugs were prescribed by Generic name. Antibiotics were prescribed to 99.66% of the encounters. Antibiotics per...
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