Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
Oral candidiasis (OC) is a common fungal infection characterized by white patches on the oral mucosa, often triggered by factors like immunosuppression and medication use. It can affect anyone, regardless of age or background. The formulation of mucoadhesive gels for the treatment of oral candidiasis is a promising area of research. The gel enhances the residence time of the drug at the site of infection, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to develop a mucoadhesive gel for oral candidiasis treatment using an inclusion complex of itraconazole and beta-cyclodextrin. Different concentrations of mucoadhesive polymers (Carbopol 940) and absorption enhancers (Poloxamer 188 and propylene glycol) were used. The pH of the gels ranged from 6.5 to 7.2. The viscosity varied between 300 and 600 cps. The gelation temperature was 30°C to 35°C. Spreadability ranged from 4.7 to 4.83 cm. The drug content was found to be 90% to 95%. Mucoadhesive force ranged from 3549 to 3917 dyne/cm2. Drug release lasted 6 hours, with 95 to 99% cumulative release. In-vitro antifungal...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
The respiratory drug delivery system (RDDS), which delivers drugs straight to the lungs for quicker effect and better bioavailability, is essential for treating respiratory disorders. It works particularly well for treating lung infections, COPD, and asthma. Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulizers, and sophisticated aerosol formulations are examples of technology that are part of RDDS and maximize medication delivery to the lungs. Particle size, the drug’s physicochemical characteristics, and patterns of deposition within the respiratory system are some of the variables that affect how effective RDDS is. For example, smaller particles enhance therapeutic benefits by reaching deeper parts of the lungs. To ensure effective medication deposition while reducing adverse effects, the delivery system’s composition and design are essential. New developments in formulation science, nanotechnology, and inhaler design have propelled recent advances in RDDS. By improving treatment’s portability, accuracy, and convenience, these advancements are increasing patient adherence. Modern inhalers, for instance, provide improved particle accuracy and dosage control, increasing the treatment’s total efficacy. With its potential to revolutionize...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2025 in |
The aim of present study was to develop microemulsion formulation of apremilast for the topical treatment of nail psoriasis, a challenging condition due to the nail’s dense structure limiting drug penetration. Apremilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, offers an effective systemic approach but faces bioavailability challenges and potential side effects when administered orally. To address these issues, apremilast-loaded microemulsion was formulated using oleic acid, Tween 80 and PEG 600, optimized through a Box-Behnken design. The resulting microemulsion exhibited desirable characteristics, including particle size, PDI, and zeta potential, indicative of stability and effective drug delivery. In-vitro studies revealed an 81.63% drug release over 24 hours, highlighting the formulation’s sustained release capabilities. Ex-vivo transungual permeation tests using goat hoof membranes further supported enhanced drug permeation to the target site, outperforming the pure drug suspension. These findings suggest that apremilast-loaded microemulsion can provide a more targeted, efficient, and safer alternative for nail psoriasis therapy, improving patient compliance through topical application. This novel approach has potential implications for enhanced nail disease management and future topical...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Schedule M is considered as an important part in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, Rules 1945. For making a product with proper quality and effective for the human beings it is necessary to maintain or follow the guidelines of schedule M. Schedule M is considered as the guidelines which talks mostly about Good Manufacturing Practices. Schedule M was first established in the year 2001 and it was divided into Part 1 and Part 2. Then in the year 2018 it was divided into 12 Parts more precisely than first one which was established in the year 2001. Then in the year of 2024 it became more precise, and it was divided into 13 Parts and including the changes introduced in, the revised Schedule M which include introduction of a Pharmaceutical Quality System (PQS), Quality Risk Management (QRM), Product Quality Review (PQR), Qualification and Validation of Equipment, and a Computerized Storage system for all drug products. These revised Schedule M will help in making the product proper and effective...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
This study focuses on developing clindamycin phosphate-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles to treat osteomyelitis, utilizing the chemical precipitation method. These nanoparticles were optimized for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency, resulting in seven different formulations (F1-F7), with formulation F5 was identified as the most effective. Particle size ranged from 275.9 nm to 846.5 nm, and a high homogenization speed of 15,000 rpm was crucial in achieving smaller particle sizes conducive to better bone cell attachment. The zeta potential of -18.8 mV suggested good stability and potential for enhanced interaction with osteoblasts. The optimized formulation F5 exhibited high drug loading (87.56 %) and entrapment efficiency (85.36 %), with FESEM analysis confirming their favorable characteristics for drug delivery. The drug release profile followed a sustained pattern, with 69.60 % of the drug released over 8 hours, adhering to the Higuchi model of quasi-Fickian diffusion. The antimicrobial efficiency tests showed that these nanoparticles could maintain similar inhibitory concentrations against S. aureus as the standard clindamycin phosphate solution, indicating effective drug...
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