Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Background: Drug utilization studies (DUS) assess the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs, emphasizing their medical, social, and economic impacts. In intensive care units (ICUs), rational drug use is essential due to the complexity of treatment and the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Aim: This study analyzes antimicrobial utilization patterns in the Medical ICU. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative observational study was conducted at the Medical ICU of Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, from November 2022 to December 2023. The study included 400 patients aged ≥18 years. Data on demographics, comorbidities, drug prescriptions, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected. The WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology was used for drug classification and consumption analysis. Results: The most common age group was 61-75 years (26%), with a male predominance (58%). Hypertension (29.75%) and diabetes (23.75%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Ceftriaxone (55.25%) was the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial, followed by Piperacillin + Tazobactam (19.25%). ADRs were observed in 44 cases (11%), with thrombophlebitis being the most common...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Background: Urolithiasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, characterised by occurrence of urinary stones and affecting approximately 12% of the global population. It is also linked to chronic diseases like chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease thereby posing significant health risks. Contemporary treatments are symptomatic and fail to produce lithotriptic activity and thus recurrence is common. This study involves development of polyherbal formulation and evaluation of its lithotriptic activity. Methodology: Hydroalcoholic (HA) extracts of Tribulus terrestris, Cynodon dactylon, and Kalanchoe pinnata were formulated into a polyherbal oral medicated jelly (OMJ). The OMJ was evaluated for characteristics like hardness, cohesion, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness using a texture analyser. The lithotriptic activity was evaluated using HPLC analysis. Calcium oxalate crystals were incubated with HA extracts in egg membrane for 72 hours. The residual contents were then analysed using HPLC. Cystone was used as a standard. Results: Texture analysis of OMJ revealed the characteristics such as: gumminess (431g), springiness (36.70), hardness (518g), cohesiveness (0.83), and chewiness (155 mJ) at pH of 4.3....
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Acyclovir, also known as acyclovir, is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Other uses include the prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant, and severe complications of Epstein–Barr virus infection. To develop and evaluate a sustained-release formulation of acyclovir, due to its short half life, that enhances its therapeutic efficacy, improves patient compliance, and reduces dosing frequency, by employing suitable polymers and advanced drug delivery technologies. The Main objective is to formulate acyclovir as a sustained release tablet to improve patient compliance, reduce dosing frequency, and maintain steady plasma drug levels.Comprehensive physicochemical evaluations of the formulated tablets, including hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, and swelling index, demonstrated that all batches conformed to Pharmacopoeial specifications, ensuring the mechanical integrity and reproducibility of the dosage forms. In-vitro drug release studies were carried out in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids using USP [28] Type II dissolution apparatus. Formulations exhibited variable release profiles depending on the polymer composition and concentration,...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
The present work includes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of edible macrofungus Schizophyllum commune, and to compare the antioxidant potentialities of the aqueous extract and the extract-based silver nanoparticles using Albino Wistar Rats. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) peak at 431 in the UV-VIS spectrum. The SEM images showed that the nanoparticles have cuboidal and roughly spherical morphology with a size ranging from 80 nm to 110 nm with an average size of 96.13nm. The FT-IR spectrum revealed the surface coating of functional groups of different secondary metabolites present in the macrofungal extract. The results of in-vitro assessment of antioxidant activity revealed that the aqueous extract has 21.28 % and the extract-based silver nanoparticles have 33.59% DPPH radical scavenging activity at 100µg/ml concentration. The in-vivo analysis involved the assessment of activity of key enzymes like Catalase (CAT), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) in albino rats and the results showed that in Triazophos-intoxicated rats the CAT and GPx...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
The present study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial efficacy of Aegle marmelos leaf extracts obtained using different solvents aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and hydroalcoholic (70% ethanol). Phytochemical analysis revealed that hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts contained the highest concentrations of total phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, while the aqueous extract exhibited the greatest saponin content, highlighting solvent-specific extraction efficiency. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was employed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extracts. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the strongest activity (82.4 ± 1.9% inhibition at 200 µg/mL), followed by methanol (79.2 ± 1.7%), indicating a strong correlation with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via agar well diffusion against selected bacterial and fungal strains, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (UPEC and EPEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus species. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts exhibited notable antimicrobial efficacy, with the hydroalcoholic extract showing the largest zones of inhibition against S. aureus (20 ± 0.4 mm) and C. albicans (19...
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