Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Alzheimer’s Disease is considered as the most common form of dementia, contributing to about 70% of the cases. The FDA approved Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists only produce a symptomatic relief and raises the need for novel potential drug candidates for AD management. The various hypotheses on Alzheimer’s Disease reveal its multifactorial nature and thus these multiple targets can be considered for the development of new drug molecules. In this study we focus on designing new carbamate- heterocycle molecules with different heterocycles indole, isoquinoline, thiazole, oxazole and 1,2,4- triazines and identifying their multitarget potential through computer aided drug design. The proposed conjugates were docked with the targets Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), N-methyl- D- Aspartate Receptor (NMDA), and Tyrosinase enzyme. The results indicated that the compound ISO-10 exhibits a high binding affinity for three targets. The target 1FSS demonstrated the highest binding affinity of the three and is suitable for molecular...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Murraya koenigii in goat liver slice culture against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity. The amount of cell damage caused by CCl₄ was measured by the release of marker enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Additionally, we estimated the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the membrane lipids of hepatocytes to assess the extent of hepatic injury. In comparison to untreated liver cells, those treated with CCl₄ resulted in a twofold increase in LPO, as well as the release of ALP, ALT, AST, ACP, and LDH at rates of 2.59, 3.34, 3.36, 2.85, and 6.75 times, respectively. Furthermore, liver cells treated with both CCl4 and with methanolic leaf extract of Murraya koenigii exhibited significant reduction in hepatic marker enzymes. The 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to figure out the plant extract’s free radical scavenging activity (IC50 137±1.9 μg/mL). Qualitative analysis of the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
The detection and quantification of nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical products are critical due to their potential carcinogenicity. This study presents the development of a sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the analysis of nitrosamine impurities in Apixaban drug substance. The method demonstrates high specificity, sensitivity, and compliance with regulatory guidelines, ensuring the safety and quality of Apixaban for therapeutic use. The method, designed to detect harmful contaminants in apixaban, performs effectively and meets all essential standards. The Mass spectrometry technique accurately confirmed the presence of NDMA, NDEA, and NEIPA at specified retention times. In accordance with established guidelines, the method underwent multiple parameters during development & validation ensuring its accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability, confirming the ability to detect these pollutants even at trace levels. The system operates continuously without interference from other pharmaceuticals, making it particularly suited for targeting these specific impurities. The method demonstrates the ability to detect minute quantities of nitroso-contaminants, utilizing well-established limits of detection and quantification. Recovery rates ranged from 96% to 103%, indicating...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: IECs seek a duly filled application form to provide the overview of the study as per ICMR guidelines in the process of review and to maintain study related records. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the errors and completeness of research application forms submitted to IEC. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken after obtaining approval from IEC, GMC, Kathua. Application forms from January 2023 to December 2024 were analysed regarding: Type of studies, study duration and design, title, detail and signature of investigators, informed consent process, involvement of the vulnerable population, declaration of conflict of interest. Results: Total43 application forms were analysed in which details of principal & co-investigators were incomplete in 19 (44.18%), duration of study was not mentioned in 18 (41.18%), consent forms were missing in 17 (39.5%) forms. The signatures of the head of department and investigators were missing in 14 (32.5%) and 11 (25.58%) forms respectively. All forms mentioned complete title, aims & objectives, background and specified about DCGI permission. Conclusion: Current study...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2025 in |
An efficient and high yield synthesis of Siamenoside I (1), from Mogroside V (2) is reported. Siamenoside I (1) was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of Mogroside V (2). Bioconversion process involved enzymatic modification followed by separation and purification processes, including reversed-phase chromatography. The final product, a dried white powder, undergoes several stages of concentration, reaction, filtration, and freeze-drying. Siamenoside I (1) was isolated and characterized with NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC-DEPT, 1H-13C HMBC, 1H-13C HSQC-TOCSY, 1H-1H ROESY and 1D-TOCSY) and mass spectral data. This Siamenoside I (1) possess a 1->2 beta sugar linkage between sugar II and sugar I, making it’s structural properties unique. The sensory and spectral properties of Siamenoside I (1) synthesized from mogroside V (2) or isolated from fruit have the same characteristics. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of 1D and 2D NMR techniques when identifying complex...
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