Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Essential oils are volatile, aromatic compounds derived from medicinal plants and valued in both Ayurveda and modern medicine for their diverse pharmacological activities. Hedychium spicatum (Shati), Elettaria cardamomum (Ela), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) are classical Ayurvedic herbs mentioned under the Swasahara Mahakashaya group in the Charaka Samhita, traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments. The present study aimed to extract and compare the essential oil yields from these botanicals, providing a preliminary scientific basis for evaluating their ethnopharmacological relevance. Dried, powdered samples (40 g each) of H. spicatum, E. cardamomum, and O. sanctum were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus with 400 mL distilled water for 4–6 hours. The extracted oils were separated with n-hexane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored at 4 °C for further analysis. The yields obtained were 0.34 g (0.85%) for H. spicatum, 1.46 g (3.65%) for E. cardamomum, and 0.38 g (0.95%) for O. sanctum, with E. cardamomum demonstrating the highest yield among the three. The study confirms the effectiveness of hydro-distillation for isolating...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Several techniques have been developed and validated for analyzing paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, including Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). This study employed a validated method for analyzing three commercially available paracetamol products. The chromatographic separation utilized a mobile phase consisting of a 70:30 v/v ratio of methanol to water. The separation process was carried out using a C18 Rapid Resolution column (4.6 x 100 mm, 3.5 µm, Agilent HPLC Column). The maximum wavelength (λmax) for paracetamol estimation was determined at 243 nm. The separation process was achieved using an injection volume of 20 μl and a run time of 3.0 minutes. The method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 10-150 μg/ml for Paracetamol. The validation of the method followed the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, covering assessments of specificity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision, as well as the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and lower limit of detection (LLOD). The LLOQ and LLOD for paracetamol were established at 250 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, respectively. The assay percentage...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Drug transporters altered functions may affect pharmacokinetics, which in turn may affect a drug in blood levels. The maintenance of an appropriate serum concentration of a drug is important to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Bio enhancers, or naturally generated drug absorption enhancers, increase the quantity of unchanged medication in the systemic blood circulation by controlling pre-systemic metabolism and/or membrane permeability. In this study, we have focused on the influence of functional alterations in the intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the PK (Pharmacokinetic) of drug by the oral route after pre-treatment with Naringin and verapamil as standard. The interaction between drug and Naringin has been studied using in-vitro noneverted sac study, in-situ Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) study, and in-vivo oral bioavailability study in rats using Bioanalytical method in RP-HPLC. The bioavailability of drug is improved with Naringin, and this combination is better than verapamil combination of drug, and further studies are needed to confirm the results in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing nations like India. Objective: The objective of the study was to study prevalence and the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) attending a standalone Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at Autonomous State Medical College and District Hospital Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC at Autonomous State Medical College and District Hospital Lalitpur. Results: Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 0.67% in and around Lalitpur region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV-positive patients (35.39%) belonged to 35–49 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV-positive patients, followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (83.05%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Conclusion: Majority of HIV/AIDS study subjects were...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
The present study describes the development and validation of a simple, economical, accurate, and precise UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir in active pharmaceutical ingredients and tablet dosage forms, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and Nirmatrelvir, a SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, were selected for their combined therapeutic significance in COVID-19 antiviral therapy. Solubility profiling revealed that Ritonavir was freely soluble in acetonitrile and methanol, while Nirmatrelvir was soluble in methanol. Considering cost and solubility, acetonitrile and methanol were used as solvents for Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir, respectively. The λmax values were found to be 239 nm for Ritonavir and 228 nm for Nirmatrelvir. Linearity was established in the ranges of 20–80 μg/mL for Ritonavir and 2–18 μg/mL for Nirmatrelvir, with excellent correlation coefficients (r² = 0.999 and 0.9998, respectively). The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. LOD and LOQ were 0.01285 μg/mL and 0.03894 μg/mL for Ritonavir, and 0.13419 μg/mL and 0.40662 μg/mL for Nirmatrelvir. Recovery studies confirmed accuracy...
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