Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs used to treat anxiety, epilepsy, convulsions, and psychiatric and sleeping disorders. These medicinal compounds possess considerable importance in forensic toxicology due to their tranquilizing, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Thus, identifying and separating these compounds found significance in pharmaceuticals. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is employed to separate benzodiazepines. The present research article aims to provide a more straightforward and efficient method for separating benzodiazepines. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique follows to separate benzodiazepines containing silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase. The seven different mobile phases for the separation of benzodiazepines are employed. The combination of Acetone: Toluene: Ethanol: Ammonia (45:45:7:3) is the best solvent system for separating benzodiazepines among the seven chosen solvent...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Preclinical drug or pharmaceutical research in mouse and rat species is inevitable in the scientific investigations of a chemical substance or lead entity. The administration routes are the experimental study design, and regulatory requirements may influence the study of humans’ intended therapeutic/clinical route. Specific route selection in the investigation of test substances must be profoundly well-versed to the research scientists and approved by local ethics committee members. Every route has advantages and disadvantages in absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution of substances, which should be carefully considered while selecting a route. Routes of administration can be performed painlessly if proper heed is given to the restraint and holding of animals and using adequate technical skills by technical persons and research scientists. This review describes the principal and common routes used in early drug discovery programs and preclinical research, including guidelines for safe injection volumes, sites of administration, preparation of sites, advantages & disadvantages, limitations, handling and restraint techniques, vehicle selection, and formulation strategies. Conclusion: This can be concluded knowledge of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
To observe the effect of Eucommia, Cuscuta, and Drynaria (E.C.D.) extracts in ovariectomized rats and explore the possible mechanisms. Forty-five female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group (Sham), ovariectomized group (Model) and ovariectomized rats + treatment group (estradiol valerate of 104.17 mg/kg/day (EV), E.C.D. extracts of 50.08 mg/kg/day (E.C.D.-L), or E.C.D. extracts of 104.17 mg/kg/day (E.C.D.-H), and all the rats were treated by gavage for 8 weeks). Bone metabolism, estrogen index, phosphorus and calcium were compared, and the right femur structural parameters were evaluated by micro-CT. The rat femoral bone specimens were stained using hematoxylin and eosin for pathological examination, and mRNA expression of related genes in bone tissue was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We observed E. C. D.-H groups significantly increased serum estrogen levels, and significantly elevated the maximum load and bone mineral density (BMD) levels in bone tissues. EV group and E. C. D.-H groups improved bone metabolism, biomechanical properties, serum phosphorus and calcium indexes. Compared with...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
The worldwide epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, has posed a growing threat to public health (SARS-CoV-2). The only antiviral drug authorized by the FDA for treating adult and pediatric patients hospitalized with a severe disease is remdesivir, which is given intravenously (IV). Although only a few methods for estimating remdesivir in pharmaceutical formulations using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been described, its determination still requires an accurate, precise, quick, and easy analytical methodology. The main goal of this study was to develop and validate a reliable and accurate HPLC method for quantitative estimation of remdesivir in its intravenous dosage formulation. The separation was performed on a C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5.0 µm) column with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and a total run duration of 6 minutes using a simple isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 percent formic acid. The method was validated for the system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy,...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Azolla is a fern plant through conducting 27 % of protein content and involves actively in bioremediation. So, this property of this plant is exploited in the production of chelated minerals. In this study, selenium-enriched azolla is evaluated with Japanese quails on the performance of growth and serological parameters. The present study is designed with 525 quails divided into 7 treatments, each with 3 replicates. Each replicate contains 25 birds. The evaluation was done from day-old chick to 5-week age in a deep litter farming system. The birds in each treatment are distributed in a randomized manner irrespective of gender, later grouped into control, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4ppm organic selenium treatments, along with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4ppm inorganic selenium treatments sequentially. The body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate were noted every week and significant changes were recorded. In performance trials we observed that 0.2ppm organic selenium shows good performance in body weight gain (P<0.013) and feed conversion rate (P<0.02) at a significant level. At 0.2ppm concentration of...
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