Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Oligonucleotides (ONs) have become the groundbreaking category of therapeutics capable of specific control of gene expression and treatment of pathogenic mutations. ONs are transforming the future of modern medicine, with the use of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, aptamers, and CRISPR guide RNAs. Multiple ON-based drugs have already been approved by FDA and EMA, and these drugs show therapeutic effectiveness in genetic, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, other obstacles as delivery barriers, off-target effects, and high cost are a major concern. In this review, the oligonucleotide therapeutics, its nature, mode of action, chemo-modified and /or delivery strategy/plan, therapeutic use, clinical outcomes, limitations, and forecasts have been described in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Glial cells are crucial for maintaining the stability of the brain, providing support to neurons, and managing oxidative stress. This research examined the cytoprotective effects of the flavonoid Quercetin on C6 glial cells subjected to oxidative stress induced by the chemical hypoxic mimetic Cobalt-Chloride (CoCl2). Treatment with cobalt chloride led to oxidative damage within the cells, indicated by increased levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Pre-treatment with Quercetin offered significant protection by boosting antioxidant defences, lowering oxidative stress, and maintaining mitochondrial function, thereby reducing the number of apoptotic cells. The effectiveness of Quercetin was found to be dependent on concentration: lower doses were notably effective for certain measures, while higher doses displayed limited effects or, at times, exacerbated the damage, implying a biphasic response. These observations imply that quercetin’s protective potential is determined not only by its dose but also by the particular type of cellular stress or injury encountered. Overall, these findings highlight Quercetin as a neuroprotective agent and underscore...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Background: Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) is an important Ayurvedic herb with prominent neurotherapeutic properties. However, the Vacha rhizomes contain β-asarone – a major phytoconstituent which is toxic and carcinogenic, necessitating detoxification before safe use. Ayurvedic multi-stage Shodhana (~purification) is traditionally employed for this purpose. Objective: This study aims to develop, validate, and apply HPTLC fingerprinting for analytical standardization of Vacha rhizomes through classical Shodhana (~purification), demonstrating β-asarone elimination and phytochemical transformations with high reproducibility and pharmaceutical relevance. Methods: Standardized multi-stage Shodhana (~purification) was performed on large batch (~16 kg) of authenticated Vacha rhizomes following classical Ayurvedic protocols. Methanolic extracts from each processing stage were subjected to validated HPTLC analysis. Chromatographic fingerprints were generated at 254, 366, and 540 nm, using β-asarone as the primary reference standard. Quantitative and qualitative data were examined with rigorous replication and statistical validation. Results: The characteristic β-asarone peak (Rf ~0.54) present in raw Vacha extracts showed progressive diminution through successive Shodhana stages and became entirely undetectable following Gorakhamundi processing. Concurrently, new phytochemical bands appeared...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Essential oils are volatile, aromatic compounds derived from medicinal plants and valued in both Ayurveda and modern medicine for their diverse pharmacological activities. Hedychium spicatum (Shati), Elettaria cardamomum (Ela), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) are classical Ayurvedic herbs mentioned under the Swasahara Mahakashaya group in the Charaka Samhita, traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments. The present study aimed to extract and compare the essential oil yields from these botanicals, providing a preliminary scientific basis for evaluating their ethnopharmacological relevance. Dried, powdered samples (40 g each) of H. spicatum, E. cardamomum, and O. sanctum were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus with 400 mL distilled water for 4–6 hours. The extracted oils were separated with n-hexane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored at 4 °C for further analysis. The yields obtained were 0.34 g (0.85%) for H. spicatum, 1.46 g (3.65%) for E. cardamomum, and 0.38 g (0.95%) for O. sanctum, with E. cardamomum demonstrating the highest yield among the three. The study confirms the effectiveness of hydro-distillation for isolating...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Several techniques have been developed and validated for analyzing paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, including Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). This study employed a validated method for analyzing three commercially available paracetamol products. The chromatographic separation utilized a mobile phase consisting of a 70:30 v/v ratio of methanol to water. The separation process was carried out using a C18 Rapid Resolution column (4.6 x 100 mm, 3.5 µm, Agilent HPLC Column). The maximum wavelength (λmax) for paracetamol estimation was determined at 243 nm. The separation process was achieved using an injection volume of 20 μl and a run time of 3.0 minutes. The method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 10-150 μg/ml for Paracetamol. The validation of the method followed the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, covering assessments of specificity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision, as well as the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and lower limit of detection (LLOD). The LLOQ and LLOD for paracetamol were established at 250 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, respectively. The assay percentage...
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