Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Drug transporters altered functions may affect pharmacokinetics, which in turn may affect a drug in blood levels. The maintenance of an appropriate serum concentration of a drug is important to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Bio enhancers, or naturally generated drug absorption enhancers, increase the quantity of unchanged medication in the systemic blood circulation by controlling pre-systemic metabolism and/or membrane permeability. In this study, we have focused on the influence of functional alterations in the intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the PK (Pharmacokinetic) of drug by the oral route after pre-treatment with Naringin and verapamil as standard. The interaction between drug and Naringin has been studied using in-vitro noneverted sac study, in-situ Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) study, and in-vivo oral bioavailability study in rats using Bioanalytical method in RP-HPLC. The bioavailability of drug is improved with Naringin, and this combination is better than verapamil combination of drug, and further studies are needed to confirm the results in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing nations like India. Objective: The objective of the study was to study prevalence and the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) attending a standalone Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at Autonomous State Medical College and District Hospital Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC at Autonomous State Medical College and District Hospital Lalitpur. Results: Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 0.67% in and around Lalitpur region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV-positive patients (35.39%) belonged to 35–49 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV-positive patients, followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (83.05%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Conclusion: Majority of HIV/AIDS study subjects were...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Sleep disorders are a prevalent health concern, impacting overall well-being and cognitive function. Natural compounds like flavonoids have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic effects on sleep regulation. Mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) are rich in bioactive flavonoids that exhibit sleep-improving properties by modulating key neurotransmitter systems. This study explores the effects of mulberry leaves on sleep regulation through their interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors. Evidence suggests that these flavonoids enhance GABAergic transmission, promoting relaxation and sedation, while also modulating 5-HT receptors, that contribute notably to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Many flavonoids, including quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol, are able to interact with GABAA receptors and serotonin receptors, promoting relaxation and reducing sleep latency. By influencing these neurotransmitter pathways, mulberry leaf flavonoids may serve as a natural and effective alternative for managing sleep disturbances or insomnia. Additional studies are required to better understand the exact mechanisms as well as potential clinical uses of these bioactive compounds in sleep...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
The present study describes the development and validation of a simple, economical, accurate, and precise UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir in active pharmaceutical ingredients and tablet dosage forms, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and Nirmatrelvir, a SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, were selected for their combined therapeutic significance in COVID-19 antiviral therapy. Solubility profiling revealed that Ritonavir was freely soluble in acetonitrile and methanol, while Nirmatrelvir was soluble in methanol. Considering cost and solubility, acetonitrile and methanol were used as solvents for Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir, respectively. The λmax values were found to be 239 nm for Ritonavir and 228 nm for Nirmatrelvir. Linearity was established in the ranges of 20–80 μg/mL for Ritonavir and 2–18 μg/mL for Nirmatrelvir, with excellent correlation coefficients (r² = 0.999 and 0.9998, respectively). The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. LOD and LOQ were 0.01285 μg/mL and 0.03894 μg/mL for Ritonavir, and 0.13419 μg/mL and 0.40662 μg/mL for Nirmatrelvir. Recovery studies confirmed accuracy...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
The purpose of this research was to examine the harmful effects of Organophosphate (OP) on reproduction as well as the putative antioxidant agent Buchanania lanzan Oil (BLO potential)’s protective properties. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each: the control group (CRL), the Organophosphate group (OP, 27 mg/kg), the Buchanania lanzan oil group (BLO, 0.5 ml/kg), and the combination group (OP+ BLO). For 45 consecutive days, the test animals received gavage doses (five days per week). We looked at body weight gain, weights of the reproductive organs, sperm characteristics, testosterone levels, and levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). According to the data, OP, considerably (p<0.001) reduced both the rate of body weight gain and the absolute weights of reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicles). Moreover, significant modifications in semen at least (p< 0.01) A drop in spermatid number, sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone level, with an increase in aberrant and dead sperm and TBARS level were seen in the OP,...
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