Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Drug discovery and development plays a major role in the world and serves mankind. The major criteria to be considered and given importance in drug development is the solubility of a drug. Among all newly discovered chemical entities, about 40% of drugs fail to reach the market due to their poor aqueous solubility or lipophilicity. Poor solubility is not only a problem for formulation development and clinical testing but also an obstacle at the very beginning while screening new compounds for pharmacological activity. Nowadays oral route is considered as the preferred route of drug administration than other routes due to its convenience in terms of ease of administration and economy. The first requirement of drug which is supposed to be given by oral route is good aqueous solubility, as the poor solubility leads to low absorption, inadequate and variable bioavailability and also gastrointestinal mucosal toxicity. To prevent these crisis, several solubility enhancement techniques have been employed to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and hydrotropic solubilization is one...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil against hepato-renal toxicity induced by methotrexate. Rats treated with methotrexate exhibited elevations in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γGT, LDH, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin. Furthermore, the levels of MDA, NO and the relative ratio of the gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly increased, accompanied by a decrease in the total protein, SOD, GPx, total thiol as well as the GSH content. Alterations in the lipid profile and hepato-renal histology were observed in rats treated with methotrexate. Also, up-regulation of α-SMA and loss of DNA bands integration were observed in methotrexate-treated rats. However, the oral treatment of flaxseed oil exhibited a protective effect against methotrexate toxicity in rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Drug release properties from dosage forms can be modified by using many rate controlling polymers. Such controlled release properties from carrier systems are desirable since efficient drug delivery is achieved. The aim of the present study was to develop efficient chitosan nanoparticles loaded with rosmarinic acid (RA) and evaluate its drug release properties and wound healing efficiency in rats. Antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect of RA is well established and reported by many workers. Chitosan is also well known for possessing rate controlling properties. For proper application over wounds, the nanoparticles were incorporated into carbopol 940 hydrogel. A fourteen-hour in-vitro release study was carried out to evaluate the drug release efficiency and drug release kinetics of the nanoparticles. Other parameters evaluated were particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology. Carbopol 940 hydrogel was evaluated for optimum viscosity (18.43 ± 1.7), swelling (250 ± 7.9) and spreadability (31 ± 1.5). The in-vivo study was carried out in three groups of animals, those treated with gel containing RA loaded...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Development of quality assessment parameters for natural products is a prominence necessity to justify their acceptability and activity. Establishment of authentic and reliable analytical methods which profile the quantitative phytochemical composition of marker constituents in multicomponent composition like extract is a challenging task. A simple, rapid, precise, and reliable HPLC method was developed for the separation and estimation of ellagic acid from Epilobium angustifolium (Canadian willow herb) extract. The estimation was carried out using Sunfire C18 column, 5μ (4.6 × 250 mm); mobile phase consisting of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile; the flow rate of 1 mL/min and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm with a properly resolved having run time of 35 min. The method was validated as a final verification of method development concerning precision, linearity, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness. The correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.999, a method is considered to be linear as the correlation coefficient was found to be within acceptance criteria. The % RSD of peak area response due to ellagic acid in five replicate injections of standard...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
From the beginning of civilization, humans depend on the natural products for their food and as medical treatment. Diversity in various bioactive compounds from marine organisms has been tested for the multiple pharmacological effects. Marine algae are surviving in a competitive environment with developed defense strategies and significant levels of chemical structural diversity with a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefore, algae are a promising source of novel active biochemical compounds with different pharmacological properties for the prospective development of novel drugs by the pharmaceutical industries. Microalgae (blue-green, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyte, etc.) and Macroalgae (green, brown and red algae) are the two groups of algae. Caulerpa is the genera of green macroalgae, represent the numerous bioactive compounds like tannin, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, sulphated polysaccharides (SP), glycosides, phenolic compounds, and saponins, etc., for significant pharmacological effects in the current medicine. Exploration of these compounds for the pharmaceutical and medical purpose, the present review focused on morphological behavior and pharmacological activities of some Caulerpa species in current drug...
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