Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
Amid the previous couple of years, the improvement of powerful, experimental innovations for treatment of cardiovascular arrhythmias has surpassed the pace at which itemized information of the basic science has aggregated. Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, either too fast, or too slow and is characterized by abnormal electrical conduction in the heart resulting in ineffective pumping heart rate and rhythm that is not physiologically justified. Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly classified as tachycardia (supraventricular or ventricular) or bradycardias. The specialist management of arrhythmias has changed significantly over the past decade. Abnormal impulse conduction results in reentrant excitation. Usually a combination of slowed conduction and unidirectional conduction block provides the conditions necessary for re-entry to occur. This article outlines current management strategies for atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, with particular emphasis on curative strategies with catheter ablation and the recent data on rhythm compared with rate control strategies. The biology of arrhythmia is largely quantifiable, which allows for systematic analysis that could transform...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The main roles of bile acids as amphiphilic molecules are the micellar solubilization of the lipids, in the course of the welding process and the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, which is essential as a precursor for the synthesis of bile acids. From the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of bile acids directly depends the level of their attachment to the receptors, ion channels and their effectiveness in the solubilization of lipid (hydrophobic drugs). The toxicity of membrane of bile acids is mainly determined by their hydrophobicity. We have synthesized the methyl ester of 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5β-cholanoic acid. We have reviewed and discussed the effects of the structure of bile acids to their hydrophobicity, which is expressed by the retention parameters by reverse phase chromatography, and hydrophobic properties, which is represented by partition coefficient 1-octanol / water. It also discusses the role of the lipophilicity of bile acids in their interactions with biological...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
This study reports protective effect of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced alterations in behavior correlated with neurochemical changes in developing brain of rats. Excessive intake of fluoride during pregnancy cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and cause adverse effects on neonatal development. As the BBB in fetuses, neonates and infants is immature, it cannot provide protection against the entries. The pregnant wistar rats were randomly categorized into six groups of five animals each. Group I is of control rats received normal tap water. Group II is NaF exposed group with 20 ppm (or 20 mgkg-1 body wt.) in their drinking water. Group III rats were treated with A. moschatus aqueous extract (AMAE) (300 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) along with NaF water (20 ppm). Group IV rats were treated with A. moschatus ethanolic extract (AMEE) (300 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) along with NaF water (20 ppm).Group V and VI rats were treated with AMAE (300 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat), and AMEE (300 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) respectively. On 1st, 7th,...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The study sought to describe the pharmacognostic features for identification and quality control of closely related species Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon and Saba thompsonii (A. Chev.) Pichon (Apocynaceae), useful medicinal plants against inflammation and its related diseases in Ghana and West Africa. Macro-morphological, qualitative and quantitative microscopic features as well as physicochemical, fluorescence and phytochemical properties, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profile of leaves, stem and roots of both plants were determined using standard methods. The results showed both plants are climbers with lanceolate leaves and acuminate apices. The differences in their calcium oxalate contents, the hypostomatic nature of the leaves with different stomatal types and epidermal cells, histological features of their midribs and surface data determinations and TLC profiles of the parts under study present useful data for clearly distinguishing between the two species of Saba. All plant parts contained varying amounts of nutritional elements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time detailed descriptions of the pharmacognostic features of the leaves, stem and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The liver plays a significant role in metabolism and detoxification. Aponogeton natans(Linn.) Engl. and Krause is a important ingredient in preparation of an important Ayurvedic preparation Useerasava. The screening for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity was followed as per standard procedure. Animals received CCl4 (2 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil, i.p.) to induce hepatotoxicity. Group I served as normal control and received the vehicle alone. Group II served as toxic control, Group III, IV, V, VI received 200 mg/kg of petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol extracts respectively and Group VII was treated with silymarin. The groups received the pre-treatment of A. natans extracts ANME and ANCE at dose levels of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly controlled the change in the biochemical parameters. The methanol extract (ANME) and chloroform extract (ANCE) at dose levels of 200 mg/kg exhibited significant increase respectively in the serum total protein level as compared to toxic control group and the effect was compared with the standard group treated with silymarin (Sily-100). The LPO,...
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