Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Current study aims to evaluate stability of Rebaudioside M, a sweet component of Stevia rebaudiana, using a typical pH (2.8, 3.2, 3.8 and 4.2) and temperature (5 °C, 20 °C, 30°C, 40 °C) for 26 weeks, range that simulated both relevant and extreme beverage storage conditions. Photostability of mock beverages at pH 3.8 was determined at 25 °C /60% relative humidity (RH) with fluorescent light exposure. Rebaudioside M (Reb M) was evaluated in mock beverage solutions by simulating formulations used in commercial soft drinks and were subjected to various temperature conditions (5 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C) for 26-weeks at each pH. Samples were analyzed at scheduled intervals throughout the 26 weeks for Reb M, known impurities, known degradation products, and unidentified compounds greater than or equal to 0.100% of the starting concentration of Reb M. There was minimal degradation of the Reb M when exposed to fluorescent light, and appearance did not change throughout the study. Thus, Reb M in mock beverages under relevant conditions of...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Vertical transmission remains a major contributor to paediatric HIV infections despite significant advancements in antenatal care and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). These measures have successfully reduced mother-to-child transmission rates, yet non-compliance with prescribed regimens continues to pose significant challenges. This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of PEP in infants born to HIV-positive mothers at Goa Medical College from 2015 to 2022.A total of 97 infants born to HIV-positive mothers were included in the analysis. The study revealed a vertical transmission rate of 2.1%, with two infants testing positive for HIV. Both positive cases were associated with maternal non-compliance, either due to delayed initiation of ART or incomplete administration of PEP to the infant. No significant adverse effects of PEP were observed, indicating its safety and tolerability. The findings underscore the critical role of maternal adherence to ART and strict implementation of PEP protocols in preventing HIV transmission. Comprehensive counselling and robust support systems are essential to address compliance issues and optimize...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Background: Self-medication is a common practice among medical students due to their exposure to pharmacological knowledge and easy access to drugs. This reflects a gap between knowledge and behavior driven by perceived convenience and confidence in their medical knowledge. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of self-medication among undergraduate medical students using a structured questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire on 150 medical students. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to identify trends and associations between demographic variables and self-medication practices. Results: 78% of the students reported practicing self-medication. Most had adequate knowledge but showed casual attitudes. Common drugs used included antipyretics, analgesics, antacids, and antibiotics. 46% were unaware of the potential dangers of self-medication, such as adverse drug reactions and antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: Educational strategies must be implemented to promote rational and responsible drug use among medical...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Chewable tablets are produced using various manufacturing processes, each with its own unique characteristics and advantages. The most common method includes wet granulation, dry granulation, direct compression, extrusion, melt granulation, fluid bed granulation, compression coating, 3D printing. Each process offers distinct benefits, such as improve tablet strength better taste masking and increased manufacturing efficiency. The choice of process depends upon the specific formulation, desired tablet characteristic and production scale. Chewable tablets are designed to be easily broken down in the mouth, but their texture and hardness can vary significantly, affecting patient acceptability and compliance. The CDI is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the chewability of chewable tablets. It can be used by manufacturers to optimize tablet formulation and design, and by regulatory agencies to set standards for chewable tablet...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Bio-nanotechnology has emerged as an integration of biotechnology and nanotechnology. The nanoparticles are described as particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoparticles exist in many forms such as spherical, cylindrical, platelets, tubes, etc. Nanotechnology is an area that is flourishing, creating an effect in all fields of human life. Biological synthesis employs plant leaf extract, bacteria, fungi, and enzymes to synthesize nanoparticles offers various benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and other biomedical applications as they do not use toxic chemicals. Drugs are entrapped in the polymer matrix particulates or solid solutions or may be bound to the particle surface by physical adsorption or through chemical interaction. The basic concept involved is the selective and effective localization of nanodrugs in appropriate concentration, and nanoparticles provide restricted access to non-target cells. Nanoparticles are mainly taken by the reticuloendothelial system after administration. Therefore, nanoparticles are useful for carrying drugs to the phagocytically active cells. It is possible to enhance drug delivery to targeted tissues by modifying the...
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