Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the pharmaceutical industry by enhancing every stage of drug development, from discovery to manufacturing and post-market surveillance. This article explores the diverse applications of AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, to accelerate the identification of drug targets, predict drug efficacy and safety, and optimize manufacturing processes. AI-driven technologies such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are being employed to analyze medical data, design new drug compounds, and improve clinical trials, reducing costs and timeframes. Additionally, AI is helping improve regulatory submissions and post-approval surveillance, ensuring better safety monitoring and real time decision making. Despite challenges such as data standardization and regulatory hurdles, the growing impact of AI in drug development is clear. AI promises to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry, making drug discovery more efficient, cost-effective, and personalized, ultimately leading to faster delivery of safer treatments to patients. The continued advancement and implementation of AI technologies are poised to reshape pharmaceutical research and healthcare delivery on...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Drug delivery refers to administering pharmacological substances for therapeutic purposes. The pharmaceutical sector is rapidly evolving, exploring various dosage and administration methods, including targeted immunotherapies, which often require innovative excipients. The choice of excipients significantly affects drug characteristics like onset of action, bioavailability, and stability. This review focuses on diversifying pharmaceutical excipients, particularly highlighting multifunctional excipients derived from natural sources, including marine and animal origins, due to their non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective properties. In light of the complexity of drug formulations, it emphasises the growing need for innovative excipients. Additionally, covered in the review are excipient classifications, their functions in drug delivery systems, safety profiles, regulatory concerns, potential interactions, new market entrants, and selection criteria. In conclusion, a thorough review of excipients in drug delivery systems is given in this...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Background: Anal fissure is a common anorectal disorder characterised by severe pain during defaecation, bleeding, and internal anal sphincter spasm. Conservative treatment using topical calcium channel blockers offers an effective, non-invasive alternative to surgery. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.3% nifedipine versus 2% diltiazem gel in the non-surgical management of fissure-in-ano. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care centre. A total of 100 adult patients with primary anal fissure were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups via the SNOSE method. Group A received topical 0.3% nifedipine; Group B received 2% diltiazem gel. Pain severity (VAS), healing response, adverse effects, and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed at 1 and 4 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS v26, with p< 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Both treatment groups showed statistically significant improvement in pain scores and bleeding (p = 0.000). Nifedipine demonstrated faster symptom relief, while diltiazem showed better tolerability. Minor adverse events included headache (3%) in the nifedipine...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Nanoparticles have gained significant attention in various scientific and industrial field due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The method of nanoparticle synthesis plays a crucial role in determining their size, shape, stability and functional efficiency. This review provides a detailed comparative analysis of various nanoparticle preparation method, primarily focusing on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down methods such as laser ablation, ball milling offers past production and high purity; however, they often lack precise control over particle size. Bottom-up approaches, including sol-gel, spinning, biological synthesis employing plant extracts, bacteria and fungi has emerged as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative, although achieving consistent yield and particle size remain as challenge. This review highlights the advantages, limitations of each synthesis. The study also emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate synthesis technique based on the intended application and desired nanoparticle properties. Additionally, recent advancements in nanoparticle preparation and future directions of sustainable and large-scale productions are discussed. This comparative overview aims to assist researchers in selecting the most effective...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
This study critically examines the effectiveness of various medical management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, addressing a significant gap in the current literature related to the absence of standardized treatment protocols that adequately integrate radiological findings, naso-endoscopic assessments, and patient-reported outcomes. Through a thorough analysis that encompasses clinical records, imaging studies, endoscopic evaluations, and subjective symptom assessments from patients, the study identifies noteworthy correlations between these diverse determinants and the efficacy of treatment. The research highlights that tailored medical management where individual patient characteristics and disease severity are considered alongside radiological and endoscopic data can result in enhanced clinical outcomes. These findings stress the critical need for a personalized approach in treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and lay the groundwork for developing more effective, evidence-based treatment guidelines. Furthermore, the implications of this study transcend mere improvements in patient care; it advocates for a systematic incorporation of multidimensional assessment tools in clinical practice. By doing so, the research aims to not only optimize resource utilization but also...
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