Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Locusts are well-known for their exceptional sense of smell, are emerging as potential bio-hybrid sensors that could be used in cancer detection. This review analyses the possible ways to develop their sensitive olfactory systems to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by cancer cells. Around 50,000 receptors remain present on the antennae of locusts, are capable to specify cancerous samples from non-cancerous matters. Recent review discussed about the possibility of coupling locust olfactory with bioelectronic devices or biosensingrobotic systems for cancer diagnosis. Locust olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are capable to detect fumes of VOCs and send signals through antennal lobes to projection neurons (PNs) where the signals are transformed to identifiable neural patterns. Again olfactory lobes are easy to modify by tissue culture. While the biohybrid concept is still incomplete and faced with issues of scalability and specificity, it has the potential to detect early-stage...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Green tea, one of the most popular beverages in India and around the world, is made from dried leaves of the Camellia sinensis L. tea plant. The same flavour, such as lemon and honey from each brand, has been employed to prevent errors in chemical composition caused by variations in available flavours. Samples were prepared for infusion by heating distilled water to 100℃ for ten minutes. The amount of tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds in total antioxidants was calculated. Tanza (TZ) had the highest concentrations of flavonoids and phenolics, measuring at 8.560667±0.093383 RE/ml and 45.4233±0.274 GAE/ml of sample, respectively. Tetley (TL) had the highest tannin content, 39.194 ± 0.178037 TAE/ml of sample. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay was used to measure the free radical scavenging activity of the samples. Vahdam green tea showed the highest activity, with 80.74333 ± 0.298124%; this may be because to its organic cultivation. Green tea can be consumed as a supplement to enhance general health as it is a great source of free...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
The growing demand for natural excipients has catalysed a shift from synthetic sources toward botanical antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. This study evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous extracts from Annona squamosa Linn. leaves typically considered agro-waste. The aqueous foliar extract underwent comprehensive phytochemical screening, quantification of total phenolic and alkaloid content, and in-vitro antibacterial assessment using the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols, correlating with notable antioxidant activity. Quantitative assays demonstrated substantial phenolic and alkaloid concentrations, reinforcing the extract’s bioactive potential. Antimicrobial testing against key bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus highlighted pronounced inhibitory effects, confirming its broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy. Building on these findings, an herbal lotion was formulated incorporating the extract alongside carefully selected excipients to enhance dermal delivery and stability. The formulation was subjected to rigorous physicochemical evaluation: pH, viscosity, and spread ability measurements confirmed its compatibility with skin application. Further stability studies under varied environmental conditions demonstrated the lotion’s...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with therapeutic efficacy often attributed to optimal systemic exposure. However, interindividual variability in MTX plasma concentration can influence treatment response. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between plasma MTX concentrations and clinical efficacy over a 6-month period in patients with RA, using ESR, CRP, and pain scores as markers of therapeutic response. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 72 newly diagnosed RA patients receiving oral MTX (15 mg/week). Plasma samples were collected at 2 hours post-dose to estimate MTX concentration using validated HPLC. Disease activity was assessed at baseline and after 6 months using ESR, CRP, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess associations between MTX levels and clinical parameters. Results: The mean MTX plasma concentration at 6 months was 1.29 ± 0.39 µmol/L. Reductions in mean ESR (from 34.4 to 19.9 mm/hr), CRP (from 13.2 to 6.0 mg/L), and pain score (from 6.53 to 1.98) were noted....
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2025 in |
Canine distemper is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting domestic dogs and a wide range of wild carnivores. Caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus, it presents with diverse clinical signs that can complicate timely diagnosis and treatment. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic techniques, and developing supportive care strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements in the management of canine distemper, including innovations in antiviral therapies, immunomodulatory treatments, and supportive interventions. Additionally, it highlights recent developments in vaccination protocols and the role of molecular diagnostics in early detection and prognosis. Emphasis is placed on a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and prevention, aiming to improve survival rates and reduce the global burden of the disease. The review also identifies emerging research areas that could shape future management strategies for canine distemper. [RETRACTED...
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