Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) plays a vital role in cell signaling pathways essential for various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of PI3K signaling is implicated in the development and progression of several cancers. Activation of PI3K leads to the phosphorylation of critical proteins such as protein kinase B (PKB), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), facilitated by the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). PI3K is involved in regulating immune responses, including thymocyte growth, neutrophil migration, and T cell activation. Numerous malignancies, including melanoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, have been linked to PI3K activity. For instance, PI3K activation is known to enhance breast cancer cell migration and invasion by stimulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Structurally, PI3Kγ consists of a catalytic subunit (P110γ) and regulatory subunits that modulate its activity. The P110γ domain architecture includes a C2 domain, helical domain, Ras-binding domain, and catalytic domain, which are critical for its function. The ATP binding pocket of P110γ...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Cadmium (Cd) is the seventh most toxic heavy metal; a potentially hazardous metal found that has a substantial impact on the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). This study is aimed at investigating the concommitant administration of ethanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (AO) and ripe Musa sapientum (MS) peels on fine motor functions in Cd-induced neurotoxicity in female wistar rats through. 30 adult female wistar rats (75 – 154 g) were used for this study. They were divided randomly into six groups (n=5). Group 1 (Control) received 1mL of distilled water. Group 2, 3,4 and 5 were treated with 100 mg/kg of Cd, 2.5 mg/kg of Donepezil, 200 mg/kg AO and 200 mg/kg MS respectively. Group 6 was co-treated with 200 mg/kg of AO and 200 mg/kg of MS for 21 days. Animals were then subjected to Neurobehavioural experiment using wire hang test for assessment of muscular strength. Biochemical assay for the assessment of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histological analysis of the cerebellum was done. The result of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advancements in biomedical sciences, particularly in the realm of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) technology. This manuscript offers a detailed overview of the burgeoning field of mRNA and its profound implications in science and medicine. Beginning with an introduction that elucidates the fundamental concepts and historical evolution of mRNA technology, the discussion progresses to an in-depth exploration of its structure, function, and pivotal role in modern medicine. The differences between mRNA and DNA are clarified to underscore the unique attributes of mRNA. A significant focus is given to mRNA vaccines, hailed as breakthroughs in preventive medicine. The exploration extends to mRNA therapeutics, highlighting their potential in targeted drug delivery and their ability to overcome traditional pharmaceutical challenges. Issues surrounding the efficacy and safety of mRNA applications are addressed, emphasizing importance of safety and ethical considerations. Present difficulties and potential paths in mRNA technology are discussed, underscoring ongoing research and innovative prospects. This review elucidates the transformative potential of mRNA technology, offering insights into its current...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
This study focuses on developing and characterizing metformin microspheres using spray drying with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a polymer, aiming to enhance gastrointestinal drug delivery, reduce gastric irritation, and lower dosage requirements for type 2 diabetes management. Metformin hydrochloride and HPMC concentrations are varied to generate microspheres with1 to1000µm diameter. These biodegradable polymers were selected because of their efficacy and compatibility with drugs. The thermal analysis and compatibility of the excipients used in microsphere tablet compression are assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In-vitro drug release behaviour is evaluated over an 8-hour period using a Copley dissolution tester in 0.1 N HCl at 37 ± 0.5°C, with drug release monitored by UV spectroscopy at 228 nm. Results show that metformin release from microspheres is sustained for the first 6 hours, with a decrease noted at the 8-hour mark. The Higuchi model suggested diffusion-controlled release, while the Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicated non-Fickian diffusion. Some other drug release kinetic models, such as zero-order and first-order kinetic models are...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Background: Diabetes is one of the leading non communicable disease-causing various health complications like Cerebrovascular accidents, micro and macrovascular complications. In Indian population, very few comparison studies have been conducted to evaluate the glucose lowering effect of omega 3 fatty acid between diabetic and non- diabetic dyslipidemic patients. Hence the present study was planned to compare the efficacy of omega 3 fatty acid among diabetic and non-diabetic dyslipemic individuals. Materials And Methods: This study is a comparative, randomized, open-label, prospective interventional study which compared the efficacy of omega 3 fatty acids as add on therapy among diabetic and non-diabetic Dyslipidemic patients.50 Patients of 25 each of diabetic dyslipidemia and non-diabetic dyslipidemia attending the out-patient department of Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai were given 1 gram of omega 3 fatty acid- fish oil capsule per day once daily to take orally for 8 weeks and monitored for random blood glucose at baseline (0 weeks), after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: At 4 weeks...
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