Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Background: The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in asthmatic patients is influenced by many factors. Stress, cytokines and exogenous corticosteroids play an important role in regulating the HPA axis and thus affecting the adreno corticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels among these patients. It is well accepted that the HPA axis represents a major immune-regulatory system that plays an important role in balancing the immune response especially under stressful condition. We evaluated the serum cortisol and serum ACTH levels in Asthma patients of Hyderabad. Methods: Serum cortisol levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using a commercially available kit (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc., Webster, Texas, USA). Serum ACTH levels were measured by ELISA using commercially available kit (Biomerica Inc., Newport Beach, CA, USA). Results were evaluated for determining the significance between patients and controls. Most of these patients were under various treatments. Results: The correlation between serum cortisol levels in asthmatics and controls was not found to be significant (p= 0.43). The correlation between the ACTH levels...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Objectives: Transdermal drug delivery suggests several advantages and has been vastly investigated over last decades.Chemical enhancers improve the quantity of drug penetration through the skin. In this study, hydrophilic solvents have been used as enhancers to promote dermal penetration of albumin. Methods: 20 different formulations containing albumin and hydrophilic solvents were prepared. Transdermal absorption experiments for each formulation were performed using a diffusion cell and a slice of chicken skin as model at 32°C for 3 hours. Samples from the medium were withdrawn and analyzed for albumin concentration. Cumulative amounts of albumin were plotted for each formulation. Results: After3 hours, 6.8, 5.8, 69.0, 7.9, 11.1, 25.2, 32.0, 98.0, 21.3 and 74.3 mg of albumin were passed through the skin, using formulations containing deionized water (DW), acetic acid, ethyl acetate (EA), methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG), respectively. Conclusion: PG, EA and glycerolcould act as enhancers for transdermal delivery of albumin. Such delivery was increased using 4 mL of them instead of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
This paper is specifically designed to explain the important scientific points of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology in forensic science and molecular biology. Scientific procedures presented in the paper are complex, simple were specifically designed to better explain and reinforce the key concepts of PCR. The PCR is a laboratory technique for amplifying a specific sequence of a minute amount of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) even from a single hair root or a microscopic blood stain left at a crime scene.Todays, PCR has found widespread and innumerable uses in forensics, genetics, DNA fingerprinting, bacteriology, virology, cloning and many other areas. Major research areas such as biomarker discovery, gene regulation and cancer research are challenging today’s PCR technologies with more demanding requirements. Reproducibility of data and time to results are still major problems encountered by...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women, with more than 80% of these occurring in developing countries that have limited access to screening programs. Therefore there is a need to develop diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers which can be quantifiable and help clinical oncologists at the first interaction with the suspected patients. The aim of this study was to correlate the serum markers with the diagnosis of distant metastasis, disease recurrence, therapy monitoring and prognosis of the cervical cancer. Methods: The study group consisted of 50 metastatic cervical cancer patients and 50 benign cervical cancer patients in the age group of 20-80 years. Blood samples (5ml) were collected for analysis after Informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to sample collection. The markers (CEA and CA125) were analyzed by ELFA and sandwich ELISA methods respectively and compared to their reference values. Results and conclusion: Statistical analysis of the results showed that the incidence of the disease showed a direct correlation with the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2014 in |
Sixteen 1-(substituted) phenyl, 1- thiocarbamoyl -3-phenyl-5-(2′′-Furyl) / Phenyl- ∆1-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized. The chemical structures were confirmed by IR, H1 –NMR and analysis. The antidepressant activities of the compounds were investigated by Porosolt’s behavioral despair test on albino mice. 3-phenyl-5-(2′′-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-carbothioamide (2f),1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3-(3′-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(2′′-methoxy phenyl)-4,5-di- hydro-1H-pyrazole (2k), 1-(2,4-dinitro phenyl)-3-(3′ -hydroxyl phenyl)-5-furyl – 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (2m) significantly reduced the duration of immobility times by 23.58-25.76% at 25mg kg-1 dose level using imipramine as standard reference. Anticonvulsant activities of the compounds were examined by Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) using Phenytoin as standard reference, and neurotoxicity were determined by Rotarod toxicity test on albino mice. 1-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-5-(2′′chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole(2e),1-(2,4-dinitro phenyl) -3-(3′ -nitro phenyl)-5-furyl- 4, 5- dihydro-1H-pyrazole(2o), and 3-(3′ -nitro phenyl)-5-furyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole–thiocarbamide (2p) had good protection against the Maximal Electroshock Seizure (M.E.S) at 20 mg kg-1 dose levels. These compounds (2f 2k, 2m, 2e, 2o, 2p) did not show any neurotoxicity in the Rotarod test at 20mg kg-1 dose...
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