Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
Cardiometabolic disorders, encompassing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, represent a significant global health burden. This comprehensive review explores emerging biomarkers that offer promising avenues for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of these complex conditions. We focus on twelve novel biomarkers: growth hormone-15 (GH-15), CD40, ST2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), copeptin, adropin, preptin, irisin, and galectin-3 (Gal-3). Each biomarker is examined in terms of its biological role, potential clinical applications, and evaluation methods. These biomarkers reflect various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic dysregulation, and cardiac remodeling, providing insights into the complex mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic disorders. Clinical applications range from early diagnosis and risk stratification to monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Some biomarkers, such as NRG-1 and irisin, also represent potential therapeutic targets. Despite their promise, challenges remain in translating these biomarkers into clinical practice. These include the need for standardization of assay methods, integration with existing risk assessment tools, and validation through longitudinal studies. Future directions...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
The research aims to do a pre-formulation study on powdered drug of Dexketoprofen Trometamol to know its physical, chemical and pysico-chemical properties. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain relief and inflammation reduction. Dexketoprofen Trometamol, a highly soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) is tromethamine salt of Dexketoprofen (Active enantiomer of ketoprofen). It works by blocking the action of cyclo-oxygenase in the body. It is widely used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of acute pain and musculoskeletal disorder and post operative pain. Dexketoprofen trometamol was subjected to microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis and FTIR spectroscopic analysis for its properties to study. The drug was also subjected to some physical examination to examine its organoleptic properties and subjected to some chemical analysis to determine its chemical properties. The research showed micro-sized particle size ranges (1-10µm) of drug with its hydrophilic nature and UV analysis of drug showed its λ max peak of absorbance at 259nm. The X-ray diffraction study and Melting point study showed...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
Migraines are a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions worldwide, characterized by intense headaches often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, and sensitivity to sound. Conventional treatments, such as analgesics and triptans, provide relief but are often associated with side effects and limited efficacy for chronic sufferers. This has led to a growing interest in alternative therapies, particularly herbal treatments, for migraine management. This paper explores the potential of herbal remedies, including feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), butterbur (Petasites hybridus), peppermint oil, lavender oil, and ginger, in alleviating migraine symptoms. Herbal treatments have shown promise due to their anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective properties, which target the underlying mechanisms of migraines. Feverfew and butterbur, for instance, have been highlighted in clinical studies for their efficacy in reducing migraine frequency and severity. Additionally, essential oils like peppermint and lavender offer immediate symptomatic relief when used topically or through aromatherapy. Despite their benefits, the use of herbal treatments requires careful consideration of dosage, preparation, and potential side effects. This study emphasizes the need for robust, evidence-based research...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has emerged as a transformative approach in cardiovascular medicine, aiming to reduce surgical trauma and improve patient outcomes compared to traditional open-heart procedures. Originating nearly a century ago, MICS has undergone significant advancements, evolving from rudimentary instruments to sophisticated robotic-assisted and AI-driven techniques. This evolution has enabled surgeons to perform complex cardiac surgeries through small incisions, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues and organs. Key procedures such as aortic and mitral valve replacements, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and maze surgeries for atrial fibrillation have been successfully adapted to MICS. These procedures leverage innovations like robotic systems that enhance precision, minimize human error, and provide better visualization of the operative field. As a result, patients experience reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes due to smaller surgical scars. Recent studies and clinical trials underscore the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MICS across diverse patient populations. The adoption of MICS continues to expand globally, driven by its potential to mitigate...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2025 in |
The central nervous system disorders represent a worldwide public health problem. Neurodegeneration is associated with many transitions in brain including synaptic disorder and neuro cognition decline. It is shielded by a barrier which controls the entry of compounds into the brain known as blood brain barrier (BBB), thereby regulating brain homeostasis. In achieving a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site of action in the body and then maintaining the desired amount of drug concentration for a sufficient time interval to be clinically effective for treatment. Particularly, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are becoming further established in the elderly inhabitants of the society. These ailments usually encompass advanced degeneration & neuronal loss, rendering these disorders spread and difficult to treat. There are various types of pharmaceutical approaches to treat neurological disorders. The drug loaded nanocarriers are one of them. In this review, we will address the different applications of drug loaded nanocarriers in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Moreover, integration of...
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